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Medsci142 Term 2 > Musculoskeketal 1 > Flashcards

Musculoskeketal 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the adult skeleton?

A

Axial

Appendicular

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2
Q

How many bones in the axial skeleton?

A

80 (some pairs)

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3
Q

How many bones in the appendicular skeleton?

A

126 (all paired)

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4
Q

Function of axial skeleton?

A

Support/protection

Haemopoiesis (red bone marrow)

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5
Q

Function of appendicular skeleton?

A 
Movement 
Fat storage (yellow bone marrow)
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6
Q

Two meanings of bone?

A
  1. Bone the organ (organs made up of different types of tissues)
  2. Bone the tissue (one of the tissues found in the bones of the skeleton)
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7
Q

Function of the skeletal system?

A
  1. Support
  2. Protection
  3. Movement
  4. Calcium and phosphorous reserve
  5. Haemopoiesis
  6. Fat storage
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8
Q

Thin inner fibro-cellular layer lining the medullary cavity?

A

Endosteum

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9
Q

Inside of bone?

A

Medullary cavity

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10
Q

Outer fibro-cellular sheath surrounding the bone?

A

Periosteum

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11
Q

Parts of the extra cellular matrix?

A 
Fibres (organic)
Ground substance (inorganic)
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12
Q

What type of fibres are in extra cellular matrix?

A

Collagen fibres type I and V

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13
Q

Purpose of fibres in ECM of bone?

A

To resist tension (stretching/pulling)

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14
Q

What type of tissue is bone?

A

Specialised connective tissue

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15
Q

What is the main component of ground substance?

A

Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6OH2)

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16
Q

Purpose of ground substance?

A

To resist compression (squeezing, crushing)

17
Q

Types of cells in bone?

A

Osteogenic
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

18
Q

Purpose of cells in bone?

A

Cell reserve
Bone formation
Bone maintenance
Bone destruction

19
Q

What do the combination of fibre (tension) and ground substance (compression) result in?

A

Torsion

20
Q

What is the precursor to osteogenic cells?

A

Unspecialised stem cells (mesenchyme = embryonic CT)

21
Q

What are known as osteoprogenitor cells?

A

Osteogenic cells

22
Q

What is the location of osteogenic cells?

A

Surface of bone in the periosteum and endosteum. Also found inside canals of compact bone

23
Q

What is the function of the osteogenic cell?

A

They’re normally dormant but can divide and supply developing bone with bone-forming cells

24
Q

What is the precursor of an osteoblast?

A

Osteogenic cell

25
Q

Where is the location of the osteoblast?

A

Usually in a layer under the Peri or endosteum. Wherever new bone is being formed

26
Q

What is the function of the osteoblast?

A

Synthesis, deposition and mineralisation of osteoid

27
Q

What is osteoid?

A

The organic extra cellular matrix (mainly collagen) of bone, synthesised by osteoblasts prior to mineral deposition

28
Q

What is the composition of osteoid?

A

70% collagen, remainder is proteoglycans and other proteins

29
Q

What happens to the precursor osteoid matrix?

A

It’s eventually infiltrated with bone salts (hydroxtlyapatite)

30
Q

What’s the infiltration of the precursor osteoid matrix with bone salts called?

A

Calcification

31
Q

What does calcification do to osteoid?

A

It makes the bone strong but dense, thus nutritive fluids cannot diffuse freely through it

32
Q

What is the precursor to osteocyte?

A

Osteoblast

33
Q

Where is the osteocyte located?

A

Trapped within lacunae inside bone.

34
Q

How do osteocytes communicate with neighbouring cells?

A

Through their long cellular processes and canaliculi

35
Q

Function of osteocytes?

A

Bone tissue maintenance

36
Q

Precursor of osteoclasts?

A

Fusion of monocyte (white blood cell) progenitor cells (Syncytium)

37
Q

Location of osteoclasts?

A

At sites where bone resorption is occurring (wherever you want to get rid of bone)

38
Q

Function of osteoclasts?

A

Secretes acid and enzymes to dissolve the mineral and organic components of bone

Medsci142 Term 2 (20 decks)

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