Lab 5: Musculoskeletal Flashcards
What is flexion?
Decreasing a joint angle
What is extension?
Increasing a joint angle
What is origin?
A muscles attachment to bone that moves the least
What is insertion?
A muscles attachment to bone which moves the most
Differences between human and chicken legs?
Human has the tibia and the fibula, while chickens have a fused “shank”- the tibiotarsus (tibia and tarsals) and the fibula is a partially fused bone along side
What’s in a myotendinous junction slide?
Ilifibular muscle to iliofibular tendon
What’s in an osteotendinous junction slide?
Iliofibular tendon to fibula
What does a tendon resist in how many directions?
Tension in one direction
What is a tendon blood supply like?
Sparce
Function of osteoclasts?
Bone resorption
How do sharpey fibres become embedded in the bone matrix?
As bone grows, osteoblasts secrete hydroxyapocyte and trap collage fibres
Shape of skeletal muscle fibres in cross section?
Polyhedral
What surrounds every muscle fibre?
Endomysium
What surrounds every fasicle (bundle of muscle fibres)?
Perimysium
What surrounds muscle?
Epimysium
What happens to coarse collagen fibres of the tendon as they approach muscle?
Become finer and less regular
How is tensile force of the muscle transferred to the tendon?
When myocyte contracts, it pulls in the collagen
When can muscle affect a joint?
Only if it crosses the joint
What movement does contraction of the iliofibular muscle have on the chicken hip joint?
Extension
Contraction of biceps femoris long head affects hip joint?
Yes extension
Contraction of biceps femoris short head affects hip joint?
No
What is the function of the fibrous sling through which the tendon of the iliofibular muscle passes in the chicken?
Stops iliofibular muscle from bow-stringing
Why is there no corresponding sling in the human?
Because there’s a short head of the biceps femoris
Name of a muscle that aids the action of another muscle?
Synergist
Name of muscle that opposes the action of another muscle?
Antagonist
What does a large amplitude movement have?
Little power (attached more proximally)
How much of it’s original length can muscle contract?
1/3
Steps of the gait cycle?
Right heel strike Right foot flat Right mid-stance Right push off Right toe off Right mid-swing Right heel strike
When in the gait cycle is hamstring most active?
Right heel strike
When in the gait cycle is the hamstring somewhat active?
Right foot flat
Origin of the lateral iliotbial muscle?
Ilium
Insertion of the lateral iliotibial muscle?
Tibiotarus
Human equivalent of the lateral iliotibial muscle?
Gluteus maximum
Origin of the iliofibular muscle?
Ilium
Insertion of the iliofibular muscle?
Fibula
Human equivalent of the iliofibular muscle?
Biceps femoris (long head) and the sling is equivalent to the short head
Origin of the lateral and medial knew flexors?
Isctium
Insertion of the lateral and medial knee flexors?
Tibiotarus
Human equivalent of the lateral and medial knee flexors?
Semimembranous
Semi-tendinosus
What make up the hamstring muscle in the chicken?
Iliofibular muscle
Lateral and medial knee flexors (accessory muscle)
On the the medial view, what’s the top and bottom flexors visible?
Top is medial, bottom is lateral
What does the aponeurosis attach to?
Medial knee flexor
Tibiotarus
What is are two parts of the aponeurosis in a chicken equivalent to?
The calcaneal/Achilles tendon
