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Medsci142 Term 2 > Lab 5: Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Lab 5: Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

What is flexion?

A

Decreasing a joint angle

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2
Q

What is extension?

A

Increasing a joint angle

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3
Q

What is origin?

A

A muscles attachment to bone that moves the least

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4
Q

What is insertion?

A

A muscles attachment to bone which moves the most

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5
Q

Differences between human and chicken legs?

A

Human has the tibia and the fibula, while chickens have a fused “shank”- the tibiotarsus (tibia and tarsals) and the fibula is a partially fused bone along side

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6
Q

What’s in a myotendinous junction slide?

A

Ilifibular muscle to iliofibular tendon

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7
Q

What’s in an osteotendinous junction slide?

A

Iliofibular tendon to fibula

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8
Q

What does a tendon resist in how many directions?

A

Tension in one direction

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9
Q

What is a tendon blood supply like?

A

Sparce

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10
Q

Function of osteoclasts?

A

Bone resorption

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11
Q

How do sharpey fibres become embedded in the bone matrix?

A

As bone grows, osteoblasts secrete hydroxyapocyte and trap collage fibres

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12
Q

Shape of skeletal muscle fibres in cross section?

A

Polyhedral

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13
Q

What surrounds every muscle fibre?

A

Endomysium

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14
Q

What surrounds every fasicle (bundle of muscle fibres)?

A

Perimysium

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15
Q

What surrounds muscle?

A

Epimysium

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16
Q

What happens to coarse collagen fibres of the tendon as they approach muscle?

A

Become finer and less regular

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17
Q

How is tensile force of the muscle transferred to the tendon?

A

When myocyte contracts, it pulls in the collagen

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18
Q

When can muscle affect a joint?

A

Only if it crosses the joint

19
Q

What movement does contraction of the iliofibular muscle have on the chicken hip joint?

A

Extension

20
Q

Contraction of biceps femoris long head affects hip joint?

A

Yes extension

21
Q

Contraction of biceps femoris short head affects hip joint?

A

No

22
Q

What is the function of the fibrous sling through which the tendon of the iliofibular muscle passes in the chicken?

A

Stops iliofibular muscle from bow-stringing

23
Q

Why is there no corresponding sling in the human?

A

Because there’s a short head of the biceps femoris

24
Q

Name of a muscle that aids the action of another muscle?

A

Synergist

25
Q

Name of muscle that opposes the action of another muscle?

A

Antagonist

26
Q

What does a large amplitude movement have?

A

Little power (attached more proximally)

27
Q

How much of it’s original length can muscle contract?

A

1/3

28
Q

Steps of the gait cycle?

A 
Right heel strike 
Right foot flat 
Right mid-stance 
Right push off 
Right toe off 
Right mid-swing 
Right heel strike
29
Q

When in the gait cycle is hamstring most active?

A

Right heel strike

30
Q

When in the gait cycle is the hamstring somewhat active?

A

Right foot flat

31
Q

Origin of the lateral iliotbial muscle?

A

Ilium

32
Q

Insertion of the lateral iliotibial muscle?

A

Tibiotarus

33
Q

Human equivalent of the lateral iliotibial muscle?

A

Gluteus maximum

34
Q

Origin of the iliofibular muscle?

A

Ilium

35
Q

Insertion of the iliofibular muscle?

A

Fibula

36
Q

Human equivalent of the iliofibular muscle?

A

Biceps femoris (long head) and the sling is equivalent to the short head

37
Q

Origin of the lateral and medial knew flexors?

A

Isctium

38
Q

Insertion of the lateral and medial knee flexors?

A

Tibiotarus

39
Q

Human equivalent of the lateral and medial knee flexors?

A

Semimembranous

Semi-tendinosus

40
Q

What make up the hamstring muscle in the chicken?

A

Iliofibular muscle

Lateral and medial knee flexors (accessory muscle)

41
Q

On the the medial view, what’s the top and bottom flexors visible?

A

Top is medial, bottom is lateral

42
Q

What does the aponeurosis attach to?

A

Medial knee flexor

Tibiotarus

43
Q

What is are two parts of the aponeurosis in a chicken equivalent to?

A

The calcaneal/Achilles tendon

Medsci142 Term 2 (20 decks)

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