Muscular System Intro

Question 1

Muscle cells are also called ____

Answer 1

Myocytes

Question 2

Action of myocytes

Answer 2

Contraction (shortening) of fibers

Question 3

3 types of muscle

Answer 3

Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal

Question 4

Smooth muscle location

Answer 4

Walls of hollow organs

Question 5

smooth muscle

Contractions are ____ movements triggered by impulses from ____

Answer 5

Involuntary
Autonomic nervous system

Question 6

Cardiac muscle cells are called ____

Answer 6

Cardiomyocytes

Question 7

Define cardiomyocytes

Answer 7

Branched cells that allow connections to form network that facilitates coordinated contraction

Question 8

Contraction of cardiomyocytes is induced by signalling of _____

Answer 8

Cardiac conduction system
(APs stimulated by ANS)

Question 9

Skeletal muscle function

Answer 9

Attach to and move bones

Question 10

Skeletal muscle contracts and relaxes in response to ____ messages from ____

Answer 10

Voluntary
CNS/PNS

Question 11

Skeletal muscle cells are long cells called ____

Answer 11

Muscle fibers

Question 12

Skeletal muscle fibers are organized into bundles called ____

Answer 12

Fascicles

Question 13

Organization of skeletal muscle fibers

Answer 13

Muscle fiber -> endomysium -> fascicle -> Perimysium -> whole muscle -> epimysium

Question 14

Muscles attach to bone via ____

Answer 14

Tendons

Question 15

Two types of muscle attachments

Answer 15

Origin & insertion

Question 16

Define origin

Answer 16

Attachment site where bone remains immobile during action
E.g. biceps originates onto coracoid & supraglenoid tubercle

Question 17

Define insertion

Answer 17

Place on the bone that moves during action
E.g. biceps inserts onto radius

Question 18

Define agonist

Answer 18

Muscle performing action

Question 19

Define antagonist

Answer 19

Muscle that performs opposite action is relaxing

Question 20

Types of skeletal muscle classifications

Answer 20

Fusiform
Parallel
Convergent
Unipennate
Bipennate
Multipennate
Circular

Question 21

Define circular muscle

Answer 21

Circular in shape

Question 22

Circular muscle examples

Answer 22

Muscles of mouth and eye
Sphincters of bowels & bladder

Question 23

Define convergent muscles

Answer 23

Origin is wider than insertion
Fiber arrangement allows for max force production

Question 24

Convergent muscles are sometimes called ____

Answer 24

Triangular muscles

Question 25

Example of convergent muscle

Answer 25

Pectoralis major

Question 26

Define parallel muscle

Answer 26

Fibers run parallel to each other Long muscles, large movements Lower strength, higher endurance

Question 27

Parallel muscles are sometimes called ____

Answer 27

strap muscles

Question 28

Example of parallel muscle

Answer 28

Sartorius

Question 29

Define fusiform muscle

Answer 29

Spindle shaped Muscle belly is wider than origin & insertion (Sometimes included in parallel group)

Question 30

Example of fusiform muscle

Answer 30

Biceps brachii

Question 31

Define pennate muscle

Answer 31

Large # fibers, high strength

Question 32

Define unipennate muscle

Answer 32

Fibers arranged to insert in diagonal direction onto tendon

Question 33

Example of unipennate muscle

Answer 33

Lumbricals, extensor digitorum longus

Question 34

Define bipennate muscle

Answer 34

- 2 rows of fibers facing opposite diagonal directions - Central tendon, like a feather - greater power, less ROM

Question 35

Example of bipennate muscle

Answer 35

Recuts femoris

Question 36

Define multipennate muscle

Answer 36

Multiple rows of diagonal fibers Central tendon branches Move in multiple directions with ^power

Question 37

Example of mulitipennate muscle

Answer 37

Deltoid

Question 38

Muscle innervation classifications

Answer 38

Hypaxial Epaxial

Question 39

Hypaxial back muscles are innervated by ____

Answer 39

Ventral rami

Question 40

Extrinsic back muscles are classified as ____

Answer 40

Hypaxial muscles

Question 41

Epaxial muscles are innervated by ____

Answer 41

Dorsal rami

Question 42

Intrinsic back muscles are classified as ____

Answer 42

Epaxial