Cell Function & Body Systems Flashcards
Define
physiology
explain physical and chemical processes for the origin, development, and progression of life
functional organization of body
cells<tissues<organs<systems
define
gross anatomy
macroscopic examination of structures of the human body
goals of gross anatomy
- define the 3-D relationship of structures in the human body
- define the functional relationship between structures in the human body
structures of integumentary system
- skin
- hair
- nails
- sweat glands
- subcutaneous tissue (fat)
function
integumentary system
- body’s outer protective covering
- extensive sensory organ (via connections with nervous system)
structures of skeletal system
bones & cartilage
function
skeletal system
- shape & support of body
- protect vital organs
- storage of minerals
- attachments for muscles
structures of articular system
joints & ligaments
functions
articular system
- connect bony parts of skeletal system
- provide sites of movement
- confers stability in non-moveable joints
structures of muscular system (types)
- skeletal muscle
- smooth muscle
- cardiac muscle
functions
muscular system
- skeletal muscle contracts to move body parts
- smooth/cardiac muscle contract to propel, expel, or control flow of fluids in hollow organs
Primary Divisions of Nervous system
- CNS (brain & SC)
- peripheral NS (nerves & ganglia)
- Autonomic NS (sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric)
functions
nervous system
- control & coordinate functions of organ systems
- CNS - relay center and control of sensory & motor pathways
- PNS - send & receive motor & sensory info to body systems and from CNS
- ANS - unconscious functions (sympathetics fight/flight; parasympathetics rest/digest)
- special senses - smell, sight, taste, hearing
function
circulatory system
transport of body fluids
two circulatory systems
cardiovascular & lymphatic
structures of cardiovascular system
- heart
- arteries
- veins
- capillaries
functions
cardiovascular system
- heart & vessels conduct blood thorugh body
- delivery of O2, nutrients, hormones to cells
- removal of waste products from cells
structures of lymphatic system
- lymph nodes
- lymphatic vessels
- spleen
- thymus
- bone marrow
functions
lymphatic system
- withdraw excessive tissue fluid from intracellular fluid compartment
- lymph nodes filter lymph
- lymph vessels return lymph to blood stream
- produces immune cells
structures of digestive system
- oral cavity & salivary glands
- esophagus
- stomach
- liver
- gallbladder
- pancreas
- SI
- LI
- anus
functions
digestive system
- mastication
- swallowing
- digestion
- absorption of nutrients
- elimination of solid waste
structures of respiratory system
- nose
- nasal cavity & sinuses
- mouth
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi & alveoli
- lungs
functions
respiratory system
- transport & delivery of O2
- elimination of CO2
