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NYCC Gross Anatomy 1 > Arthrology > Flashcards

Arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

Define

Arthrology

A

Study of joints

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2
Q

Define

articulation

A

Joint between bone or cartilage

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3
Q

Function

joints

A

Can confer stability or motion between structures

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4
Q

How are joints classified?

A

Degree of motion
Types of tissues in articulation

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5
Q

Types of joint classifications by movement

A

Synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses

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6
Q

What is synarthroses

A

Mostly fibrous, no/limited movement

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7
Q

What is amphiarthroses?

A

Mostly cartilaginous
Slightly moveable

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8
Q

What is diarthroses?

A

Synovial, highly moveable

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9
Q

Example of synarthroses

A

Sutures (skull)

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10
Q

Define

synostosis

A

Fusion of joint, ultimate fate of most synarthroses/amphiarthroses

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11
Q

Where does synostosis occur?

A
  • between sutures in adulthood
  • some symphyses by adulthood (IVD & pubic symphysis are pathological)
  • all synchondroses
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12
Q

What is craniosynostosis?

A
  • Fusion of cranial sutures before birth or during early childhood, before the completion of bone skull growth
  • constricts brain growth in direction of fusion and flexibility of plate-like cranial bones, resulting in misshapen cranium
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13
Q

Examples of amphiarthroses

A
  • syndesmoses
  • symphyses (eg. IVD, pubic symphysis)
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14
Q

Examples of diarthroses (synovial)

A
  • knee
  • shoulder
  • hip
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15
Q

What surrounds the articulation of synovial joints?

A

Synovial membrane

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16
Q

Structure of synovial joint

A
  • 2 articulating bones with articular cartilage
  • surrounded by synovial membrane, filled with synovial fluid
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17
Q

What is the difference between synarthroses and amphiarthroses?

A

synarthroses - no movement, mostly fibrous
amphiarthroses - some movement, mostly cartilaginous

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18
Q

When is synostosis pathological?

A
  • fusion of IVD and/or pubic symphysis (in adults)
  • craniosynostosis (early fusion of cranial sutures)
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19
Q

Joint classifications by tissue type

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

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20
Q

Define

fibrous joint

A

No/limited movement, bone-CT-bone

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21
Q

Define

cartilaginous joint

A

Slightly moveable, bone-cartilage-bone

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22
Q

Define

synovial joint

A

Highly moveable, bone-cavitated CT (filled w synovial fluid)-cartilage-bone

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23
Q

Where are fibrous suture joints located?

A

Confined to cranium (sutures)

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24
Q

Function of sutures

A

Shock absorption, stability

25
Q

Location of fibrous gomphosis joints

A

Anchoring tooth in socket

26
Q

What anchors the tooth in its socket?

A

Cartilaginous periodontal ligament

27
Q

Structure of gomphosis

A

Bone-cartilaginous periodontal ligament-dental cementum

28
Q

Types of fibrous joints

A

Suture, gomphosis, syndesmosis

29
Q

Define

syndesmosis

A

2 bones bound together by cartilaginous interosseous ligament

30
Q

Examples of syndesmosis ligaments

A
  • Radioulnar, tibiofibular interosseus ligaments
  • ant/post. longitudinal ligaments of spine (vertebral bodies)
  • ligamentum flavum (laminae)
31
Q

Function of syndesmosis

A

Dynamic stabilization, resist forces that separate bones

32
Q

Does synostosis result in intellectual impairment?

A

no functional impairment, only affects shape

33
Q

what gives ligaments the ability to stretch?

A

elastin

34
Q

what kind of amphiarthrosis is defined by bones connected by a fibrous ligament?

A

syndesmoses

35
Q

what type of joint would confer the most motion?

A

diarthroses

36
Q

what type of joint would confer the most stability?

A

synarthroses

37
Q

what makes up collagenous sutural ligaments?

A

sharpey’s fibers

between periosteum of 2 bones

38
Q

Types of cartilaginous joints

A

Synchondrosis
Symphyses

39
Q

Synchondrosis structure

A

Bone - hyaline growth cartilage - bone

40
Q

Locations of synchondrosis

A

Epiphyseal growth plates
Basisphenoid synchondrosis

41
Q

Symphysis structure

A

Bone - hyaline cartilage - fibrocartilaginous disc - hyaline cartilage - bone

42
Q

Function of symphyses

A

Stability, resist forces at weight bearing joints

43
Q

Locations of symphyses

A

Manubriosternal
Xiphisternal
Intervertebral discs
Pubic symphysis
Mandibular symphysis

44
Q

Symphyses are confined to the ____

A

Axial skeleton

45
Q

Types of supportive ligaments

A

Extrinsic
Intrinsic
Intracapsular

46
Q

Extrinsic ligaments

A

Outside of fibrous joint capsule
Eg. LCL of knee

47
Q

Intrinsic ligaments

A

Within or on surface of fibrous joint capsule
Eg. Ischiofemoral/pubofemoral ligaments of hip

48
Q

Intracapsular ligaments

A

Inside synovial cavity
Eg. ACL/PCL of knee, ligamentum teres of hip

49
Q

Fat pads

A

Areas of adipose tissue within the joint capsule to cushion the articulation

50
Q

Fibrocartilaginous discs

A

Menisci
Disperse weights and remove friction during movement

51
Q

Diarthroses classification by shape of joint surfaces

A

Plane
Ginglymus (hinge)
Trochoid (pivot)
Bicondyloid
Ellipsoid (condyloid)
Sellar (saddle)
Spheroidal (ball & socket)

52
Q

Plane synovial joint

A

Translates motion across flat joint surfaces in apposition
Eg. Zygapophyseal joints (facet joints)

53
Q

Hinge joint (ginglymus)

A

Uniaxial joint allowing motion with 1 degree of freedom (only flexion & extension)
Eg. Elbow joint

54
Q

Pivot joint (trochoid)

A

Uniaxial
Rotation of bone around single axis
Eg. Medial atlantoaxial joint, radioulnar joint

55
Q

Bicondyloid joints

A

Mostly uniaxial with some rotatory movement
2 convex condyles articulating with 2 concave joint surfaces
Eg. Femoral condyles and tibial plateau, temperomandibular joint, atlantooccipital joints

56
Q

Ellipsoid (condyloid) joints

A

Biaxial
Oval ellipsoid convex surface articulates with oval ellipsoid concave surface
Eg. Distal radius with scaphoid & lunate in wrist

57
Q

Sellar (saddle) joints

A

Multiaxial
2 concave-convex (saddle-shaped) surfaces articulating with each other
Eg. Pollical carpometacarpal joint (thumb)

58
Q

Ball & socket joints (spheroidal)

A

Multiaxial
Three degrees of freedom of motion
Eg. Glenohumeral joint, hip joint

NYCC Gross Anatomy 1 (37 decks)

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