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NYCC Gross Anatomy 1 > Joints Of Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Joints Of Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

Intervertebral discs are thicker in ____ and ____ regions, allowing for…

A

Lumber & cervical
Greater mobility

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2
Q

Functions of intervertebral discs

A
  • bear weight
  • dissipate shock (higher water content)
  • distribute load
  • flexible buffer between rigid vertebrae
  • adequate motion at low loads, stability at higher loads
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3
Q

What type of joint are intervertebral discs part of?

A

Symphysis

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4
Q

Location of intervertebral discs

A

Between vertebral bodies from C2 to sacrum
Degenerate disc between S5 and Cx1

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5
Q

Intervertebral disc shape

A
  • Thicker anterior>posterior in cervical & lumbar (creates spinal curvatures)
  • flat in thoracic, thinnest in upper thoracic
  • thickest in lumbar region
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6
Q

Kyphosis

A

Convex posteriorly

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7
Q

Lordosis

A

Convex anteriorly

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8
Q

Scoliosis

A

Lateral curvature (pathological)

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9
Q

Severe untreated scoliosis can cause…

A

Deformity of rib cage and vertebral curvature

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10
Q

Structural vs functional scoliosis

A

Structural:
- hemivertebra
- age ~10-15 years
Functional:
- muscles tigh on one side
- uneven hips - spine curves to compensate

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11
Q

Intervertebral discs adhere to…

A

Adhere to surface of vertebral body above & below via vertebral end plate with thin layer of hyaline cartilage

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12
Q

Zones of annulus fibrosis

A
  • Outer collagenous zone
  • Wider, inner Fibrocartilaginous zone
  • Lamellae
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13
Q

Fibers of annulus fibrosis

A
  • fibers at adjacent laminae arranged obliquely at 30° from horizontal
  • oblique arrangement adds torsional strength to disc
  • outer lamina bulge externally, inner bulge internally
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14
Q

Functions of annulus fibrosis

A
  • enclose & retain nucleus pulposus
  • absorb comprehensive shocks
  • structural unit between vertebral bodies
  • allows restricted motion
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15
Q

Nucleus pulposus makes up ____ of disc

A

40% of bulk of disc

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16
Q

Nucleus pulposus composition

A
  • higher water content, remains of notochord (mesoderm)
  • notochordal cells disappear within first decade of life
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17
Q

Nucleus pulposus is more developed in…

A

Cervical & lumbar regions

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18
Q

Nucleus pulposus is located more ____ than ____

A

Posterior>anterior

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19
Q

Why does Nucleus pulposus decrease in size with age?

A

High water content -> dehydrates

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20
Q

Functions of Nucleus pulposus

A
  • resilient spacer allowing motion between vertebrae
  • distributes compressive force
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21
Q

What is a disc herniation?

A

Nucleus pulposus extrudes through a defect in annulus fibrosis

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22
Q

Disc herniation is most likely to occur…

A
  • lumbar region (annulus is thinnest)
  • posterolaterally (posterior longitudinal lig is directly posterior)
  • under 55 years (less to bulge out with aging due to dehydration)
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23
Q

Vascularization of intervertebral discs

A

A vascular except for periphery

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24
Q

Intervertebral disc ligaments

A
  • attached to anterior & posterior longitudinal ligaments
  • attached to heads of ribs via interarticular ligaments
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25
Q

Intervertebral discs innervation

A
  • posterior: recurrent meningeal nerve
  • posterolateral: ventral rami, gray rami communicates
  • anterolateral: gray rami communicates, sympathetic trunk
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26
Q

Name the sternal symphyses

A

Manubriosternal
Xiphisternal

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27
Q

Zygoapophyseal joint classification

A

Plane synovial

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28
Q

Zygoapophyseal joints may contain ____ or ____ in lumbar region

A

Fat pads or fibroadipose menisci

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29
Q

Zygoapophyseal joint innervation

A
  • Medial branches of dorsal rami
  • ascending branches of nerve below
  • descending branch of nerve above
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30
Q

Angle of cervical Zygoapophyseal joints & function

A

45°
Increase flexion/extension
Rotation

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31
Q

Angle of thoracic Zygoapophyseal joints & function

A

60°
Limit flexion/extension
Increase rotation

32
Q

Angle of lumbar Zygoapophyseal joints & function

A

90°
Limit rotation
Increase flexion/extension

33
Q

Costovertebral joint extrinsic ligaments

A
  • radiate ligament (head of rib to body & disc)
  • interarticular ligament (interarticular crest to rib)
34
Q

costotransverse joint extrinsic ligaments

A
  • costotransverse ligament
  • lateral costotransverse ligament
  • superior costotransverse ligament
35
Q

sternoclavicular joint classification

A

sellar synovial joint

36
Q

what makes up the sternoclavicular joint?

A
  • sternal end of clavicle
  • interarticular disc
  • clavicular notch of sternum
37
Q

extrinsic ligaments of SC joint

A
  • anterior/posterior costoclavicular ligaments
  • interclavicular ligament
38
Q

costochondral joint classification

A

synchondrosis

39
Q

what makes up the costochondral joints?

A

sternum to sternal ends of ribs

40
Q

interchondral joint classification

A

synchondrosis

41
Q

what articulates in interchondral joints?

A

between costal cartilages of ribs 7-10

42
Q

costosternal articulation ligaments

A
  • radiate sternocostal ligaments
  • interarticular sternocostal ligament
43
Q

anterior/posterior longitudinal ligaments, supraspinous ligament, and ligamentum nuchae are classified as ____

A

non-segmental syndesmoses

44
Q

where does anterior longitudinal ligament attach?

A
  • anterior surfaces of vertebral bodies and IVDs
  • attaches to basilar part of occipital, anterior tubercle of atlas
45
Q

what is the anterior longitudinal ligament called between occipital and C1?

A

atlantooccipital membrane

46
Q

what is the anterior longitudinal ligament called between C1 and C2?

A

atlantoaxial membrane

47
Q

anterior longitudinal ligament is narrower _____, broader ____

A

narrow cranially
broad caudally

48
Q

where does the posterior longitudinal ligament attach?

A

(lies in vertebral canal)
- vertebral bodies and IVDs
- from body of axis to sacrum

49
Q

posterior longitudinal ligament is continuous with ____

A

tectorial membrane above C2

50
Q

posterior longitudinal ligament is broader in ____ and ____ regions, and denticulated in ____ and ____

A

broad: cervical, thoracic
denticulated: lower thoracic & lumbar (broader over discs, narrow over bodies)

51
Q

supraspinous ligament attachments

A

connecting apices of SPs from C7 to sacrum

52
Q

between C7 and occipital, supraspinous ligament is replaced by ____

A

ligamentum nuchae

53
Q

ligamentum nuchae is homologous with ____ and ____

A

supraspinous and interspinous ligaments

54
Q

ligamentum nuchae attachments

A

from EOP along median occipital crest, posterior tubercle of atlas, SPs of cervical vertebrae

55
Q

function of ligamentum nuchae

A

passively supports head

56
Q

name the segmental syndesmoses

A
  • ligamentum flavum (posterior atlantooccipital membrane, posterior atlantoaxial membrane)
  • interspinous ligaments
  • intertransverse ligaments
  • accessory ligament
  • cruciate ligament
  • apical ligament of dens
57
Q

location of ligamentum flavum

A

one pair between laminae of adjacent vertebrae

58
Q

ligamentum flavum is composed of ____

A

yellow elastic tissue (flavum= yellow)

59
Q

ligamentum flavum is thickest in ____

A

lumbar region

60
Q

what is ligamentum flavum called between posterior arch of atlas and foramen magnum?

A

posterior atlantooccipital membrane

61
Q

what is ligamentum flavum called between posterior arch of atlas and laminae of axis?

A

posterior atlantoaxial membrane

62
Q

function of ligamentum flavum

A

prevent separation between laminae during flexion of spine

63
Q

where do interspinous ligaments attach?

A

connect adjacent spinous processes along length

64
Q

anteriorly, interspinous ligaments meet ____

A

ligamentum flava

65
Q

posteriorly, interspinous ligaments meet ____

A

supraspinous ligament

66
Q

in the cervical region, interspinous ligaments are incorporated into ____

A

ligamentum nuchae

67
Q

interspinous ligaments are narrow in ____, thick in ____

A

thoracis
lumbar

68
Q

function of interspinous ligaments

A

limit flexion

69
Q

intertransverse ligaments location

A

between TPs of adjacent vertebrae

70
Q

in the cervical region, intertransverse ligaments are largely replaced by ____

A

intertransverse muscles

71
Q

in the thoracic region, intertransverse ligaments…

A

blend with adjacent muscles

72
Q

in the lumbar region, intertransverse ligaments are…

A

thin and membranous

73
Q

function of intertransverse ligaments

A

limit lateral flexion

74
Q

location of lateral atlantoaxial joints

A

between lateral masses of atlas and superior facets of TPs of axis

75
Q

lateral atlantoaxial joint classification

A

plane, synovial

76
Q

in lateral atlantoaxial joint, posteromedial thickening of articular capsule is the ____

A

accessory ligament

NYCC Gross Anatomy 1 (37 decks)

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