Muscular system

Question 1

The top side of the muscle is referred to as:

Answer 1

The fascia is a type of connective tissue which is supposed to be a coat over the muscle itself. It allows separates individual muscles and the space it gives space for blood vessels and nerves.

Question 2

The tendon will sometimes form a thin flattened sheet and this is referred to as________

Answer 2

Aponeurosis

Question 3

Define tendon

Answer 3

At the ends of a muscle , the connective tissue layers merge to form a fibrous tendon which attaches to bone, other muscle, and skin

Question 4

What are the 3 groups of muscles? Describe each

Answer 4

1. Skeletal Muscle- The voluntary one, which is attached to the bones POLYNUCLEATED. Striated muscle long column like
2. Smooth Muscle- involuntary, around intestines, veins, bladder, walls of hollow organs. long and flat and is mononucleated
3. Cardiac Muscle- involuntary, branches out more, only are present in the heart. These have:
   
   1. Intercalated disks: gives more stretch to the muscle is like a reinforcement for the heart

Question 5

Name the levels of organization of the skeletal muscle

Answer 5

1. Muscle
2. Fasicle
3. Muscle Fiber (muscle cell)
4. Myofibril
5. Myofilaments

Question 6

muscle cell=

Answer 6

Myocyte

Question 7

The plasma membrane of the muscle is referred to as the _________, and the liquid in the mucle cell is referred to as the __________

Answer 7

sarcolemma

sarcoplasm

Question 8

The 4 major proteins within a muscle fiber are:

Answer 8

myosin

actin

troponin

tropomycin

Question 9

What are the 2 main proteins found in the myofibril

Answer 9

Actin and Myosin

Question 10

What is the fasicle part of the muscle

Answer 10

The fasicle part of the muscle is a bundle of muscle fibers seperated from other bundles of fibers by a dense irregular connective tissue. Within each fascile is where you will find muscle fibers or “myocytes”

Question 11

What are myofibrils?

Answer 11

Long cylindrical element within the muscle fiber composed of myofilaments and exhibit striations

Question 12

What are Myofilaments?

Answer 12

Myofilaments are short contractile proteins of two types thick (myosin) and thin (actin). They also contain tropomysin/troponin

Question 13

Describe the following filaments:

• M LINE
• H ZONE
• A BAND
• I BAND
• Z DISK

Answer 13

1. M Line: Thin protein strip that appears in between the H zone where thick filaments attach No
2. H Zone: Lighter region in the middle of the A band. Contains thick filaments ONLY Yes
3. A Band: Only Myosin. Dark band in the middle of the sacromere No
4. I Band : Only Actin. Light band containing thin filaments only and connectin proteins Yes
5. Z Disk: Dark proteins called connectins in the center of the I band No

Question 14

What is the neuromuscular junction

Answer 14

The neuromuscular junction is the point where a motor neron meets a skeletl muscle fiber. At the point of connection you find a lot of nuceli and mitochondria ready to respond.

Question 15

Axon

Answer 15

The tail end of the neuron where the physical and non physical connection occur. Axons seek out the muscle fibers to make the connection, so they will produce specific signals called neurotransmitters and high amounts of energy. So once that signal is triggered it will produce a muscle impulse that will begin at the ER and cause a release of calcium. And the collection of things things is referred to as a motor

Question 16

The synapse

Answer 16

The “non-physical” connection

Question 17

Label the following

Answer 17

Question 18

What are slow oxidative fibers?

Answer 18

These cells produce contractions that are slower and less powerful. However, they can contract over a long period of time without fatigue. These appear to be dark red

Question 19

What are Fast oxidative fibers

Answer 19

They are intermediate in size and contain fast ATPase. They produce a fast, powerful contraction with ATPase but not for endurance.