Muscular System Flashcards
What are the functions of muscles?
- propels body fluids/food/wastes
- produce “gross” movement
- generate heart beat
- produce and distribute heat
What is fascia?
layers of dense connective tissue that surround and separate each muscle
How are muscles named?
location/body region, size, action, shape, number of attachments
What does Maximus, Major or Magnus mean?
Large
What does Minor or Minimus mean?\
Small
What does Brevis mean?
Short
What does Longus mean?
Long
What are the orientation of fibers in transverse, rectus and oblique fibers?
transverse- lies across
Rectus- Up and Down
Oblique- Slanting
What shape is a deltoid?
triangular
What shape is a trapezius?
trapezoid
What are the 5 rules for muscles?
- Atleast two points of attachment
- Cross atleast one joint
- Fibers that show direction of movement
- Work in antagonistic pairs that cause opposing movement
- Muscles only pull
What are myofibrils?
proteins filaments that allow muscle contraction
What are two types of myofibrils?
myosin and actin
What is myosin?
Thick, made up of myosin proteins
What is actin?
Thin, made up of actin proteins
What is neuromuscular junction?
site where the neuron and muscles fiber meets
What are motor neurons?
causes muscles to contract
What is sarcomere?
Units within muscle striations that shorten during muscle contraction
What are the three types of muscles?
Smooth, cardiac and skeletal
How do you tell skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles apart?
Cardiac looks striated and is in the heart
Smooth is in walls of internal organs
Skeletal muscles are striated and attach to bones
What two types of proteins are on the actin fiber?
Troponin and tropomyosin
