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Anatomy and Physiology > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

What major organs compromise the cardiovascular system?

A

Heart, Blood Vessels (Arteries, Capillaries, Veins)

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2
Q

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

A

transports nutrients, wastes, water and hormones and helps regulate body temp.

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3
Q

What are the 3 tissue layers in the heart wall (outermost to inner)?

A

Epicardium, Myocardium, and Endocardium

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4
Q

What is the Epicardium made up of?

A

connective and epithelial tissue

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5
Q

What is the Myocardium made up of?

A

composed of cardiac muscle that pumps blood out of the heart

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6
Q

What is the Endocardium made up of?

A

connective and epithelial tissue

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7
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

A fibrous sac that encloses the heart

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8
Q

What are the two layers of the pericardium?

A 
Visceral pericardium (Innermost layer)
Parietal pericardium (Outside)
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9
Q

What are the functions of the A-V valves? What are they called?

A

ensure one way flow of blood from atria to ventrilce

- tricuspid and bicuspid valve

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10
Q

What is another name for the bicuspid valve?

A

Mitral valve

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11
Q

What are the cusps of the A-V valves connected to?

A

chordae tendinae

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12
Q

What are the semilunar valves?

A

Aortic valve and pulmonary valve

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13
Q

What does the aortic valve do?

A

opens to allow blood to leave heart into the body

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14
Q

What does the pulmonary valve do?

A

opens to allow blood to leave heart into the lungs

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15
Q

What are characteristics of the semilunar valves?

A

3 cusps and no chordae tendinae

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16
Q

What is the path of blood flow?

A

Right atrium - tricuspid valve-right ventricle-pulmonary valve- pulmonary trunk-pulmonary arteries- into lungs- pulmonary veins-left atrium- bicuspid valve-left ventricle- aortic valve- aorta- body

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17
Q

What are the 5 types of blood vessels?

A

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

18
Q

What are the characteristics of arteries?

A

Strong, elastic
High pressure
carries blood away from heart

19
Q

When arteries become smaller and divide, what forms?

A

arterioles

20
Q

What are the 3 layers of an artery wall? What are the made of?

A 
Tunica interna(Endothelium)
Tunica Media(Smooth muscle)
Tunica Externa(Connective)
21
Q

What are the characteristics of capillaries?

A

Smallest vessels

Substances exchanged with tissue cells

22
Q

What areas have more capillaries?

A

areas with great metabolic activity

23
Q

What are the characteristics of veins and venules?

A

venules leading from capillaries merge to form veins
Same 3 layers as arteries
Have flap like valves that prevent backflow
thinner and less muscular

24
Q

What does diastole mean?

A

relaxed

25
Q

What does systole mean?

A

Contracted

26
Q

What causes the “lub dub” sound?

A

lub: AV valves closing
dub: semilunar valves closing

27
Q

What causes heart murmurs?

A

back flow through valve heart

28
Q

What is the function of the SA node?

A

hearts pacemaker, stimulates atria to contract

29
Q

What is the function of the AV node?

A

causes ventricles to contract after stimulated by SA node

30
Q

How does the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems regulate the heart beats?

A

sympathetic- increases

parasympathetic- slows

31
Q

What is the electrocardiogram?

A

a recording of electrical changes that occur during ther cardiac cycle

32
Q

What happens during the P wave?

A

contraction of atria

33
Q

What happens during the QRS complex?

A

contraction of ventricles, hides relaxation of atria

34
Q

What happens during the T wave

A

ventricular relaxation

35
Q

What is arrhythmia?

A

change from the normal sequence of electrical impulses

36
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

The force of blood against the inner walls of blood vessels

37
Q

When is arterial pressure the highest? The lowest?

A

highest- during ventricular contraction

lowest- ventricles relaxing

38
Q

What is the way to find normal blood pressure?

A

systolic/ diastolic

39
Q

What is the average systolic? (pressure in blood vessels when heart beats)

A

100-140

40
Q

What is the average diastolic? (pressure in blood vessels between resting beats)

A

60-90

41
Q

What is the normal heart rate?

A

60-100 BPM

Anatomy and Physiology (21 decks)

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