Muscular system Flashcards
What is the muscular system
A muscle is a tissue whose cells can contract to produce movement or force.This occurs following the generation of mechanical energy from chemical reactions
What is the function of muscle tissues
Producing all body movements
Stabilising the positions of the body, such as standing and sitting
Storing and moving materials within the body, such as the blood in the heart and blood vessels
Maintaining of the body temperature.
what are the four features of msucles tissue
Excitability
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity
What is excitability
the ability of the muscles to respond to stimuli (also known as irritability)
What is Contractility
the ability of the muscles to contract forcefully after stimulation
What is Extensibility
the ability of the muscles to stretch without being damaged
What is Elasticity
the ability of the muscles to return to their normal size after contraction and relaxation.
What are there three types of muscle
smooth
cardiac
skeletal
What is smooth muscle
Smooth muscles are non-striated and involuntary. They form the walls of the luminal structures such as blood vessels, airways, and most pelvic and abdominal organs. They are composed of spindle-shaped fibers with a centrally located nucleus.
What is cardiac muscles
Cardiac muscles have a striated pattern and exhibit rhythmic contractions due to sarcomeres, which are involuntary. They are responsible for the contraction and relaxation of the heart.
What is skeletal muslces
The tissue of skeletal muscles is made up of long, cylindrical fibers that have nuclei located on the outer edge. These muscles are striated and voluntary, and they are attached to the skeletal system. The primary function of skeletal muscles is to move the skeleton. Tendons connect muscles to the skeleton, while ligaments bind bone to bone.
What are within skeletal muscles
Each skeletal muscle is made up of thousands of muscle fibers wrapped in connective tissue sheaths. The bundles of muscle fibers in skeletal muscle are called fascicles.
What are epimysium
is the outer most connective tissue sheath surrounding the entire muscle
What is perimysium
surrounds muscles bundles and the endomysium surrounds the muscle fibres
What is sarcolemma
is a flesh like membrane that surrounds individual muscle fibres (myofibrils
What is sarcomere
basic contractile unit of a muscle fibre
How does skeletal muscle work
Most muscles in the human body are attached to bones that form a joint. When a muscle contracts, it pulls one bone towards the other. The attachment of the muscle tendon to the stationary bone is known as the origin of the muscle. On the other hand, the attachment of the muscle tendon to the movable bone is known as the insertion of the muscle. The portion of the muscle between the tendons of origin and insertion is referred to as the belly of the muscle.
What is the Axial muscular system
The axial muscular system, which includes the muscles of the head, vertebral column, and thoracic cage, constitutes about 60% of the entire muscular system.
What does the axial muscular system include
The following are the different groups of muscles in the human body:
1. The muscles in the head and neck area that are responsible for facial expressions, swallowing, and chewing.
2. The muscles in the vertebral column that help in flexing and extending the spine and head.
3. The muscles in the trunk area that are located in the walls of the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.
4. The muscles in the perineum, which connect the sacrum and coccyx to the lower part of the hip bones.
