Femal Reproductive System And Labour Flashcards
What are the external organs
Vulva - puddndum
What are the internal organs
Vagina
Uterus
Uterine fallopian tube
What are the external genitals of female
Moms pubis
Labia majora and labia minors
Clitoris
Vestibule
Hymen
What are the functions of the vulva
Acts as a sensory tissue during sexual Intercourse
Directing the flow of urine
Protection of internal female reproductive tact from infection
What is hamburger sign
this is where they determine the gender of the baby
What is the vagina
This is a fibromuscular tube with anterior and posterior walls. The inner layer is made up of squamous epithelial tissues an have a layer of connective tissues and smooth muscles
How long does a egg last for ovulating
24 hours is when a woman is fully fertilising
What are the two fornices
an anterior
posterior - acts like natural reservoir for semen after ejaculation
What are the functions of the vagina
sex organs - receives and allows passage of sperm
daily discharge -to cleanse and lubricate itself
Allows passage of menstrual blood
Allows passage of baby
Provides sensation
What is the cervix
Is a muscular tube and is the entrance to the uterus is the cervix
What is the function of Ectocervix and endocervical canal
Facilitates thepassage of sperminto the uterine cavity - via dilation of the exernal and internal os
Maintains sterilityof the upper female reproductive tract - frequent shedding of the the endometrium
What are the three layers of the uterus
Fundus on the top
Body
Cervix
What is the perimetruim
The outer layer
what is the myometrium layer
the middle layer
What is the endometrium
the inner layer
Where does the embryos implant
should implant in the endometrium
What are the uterine tubes
Assists in the transfer and transport of the ovum from the ovary to the uterus the inner mucosa has ciliated cells which waft the ovum towards the uterus.The Smooth muscle layer contracts to assist transportation of ovum and sperm.
Muscle is sensitive to sex steroids (Oestrogen and progesterone) which is why peristalsis is greatest when oestrogen levels are high – most fertile.
What are the four parts of the fallopian tubes
Isthmus - neck of the fallopian tube
Ampulla - angle tube
Infundibulum -
Fimbriae
What are the three layers of the ovaries
Surface:Formed of simple cuboidal epithelium.
Cortex:Largely comprised ofconnective tissue supporting follicles. Each follicle contains an oocyte surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells.
Medulla:Contains a rich neurovascular network which enters the ovary at the hilum.
What are the functions of ovaries
Produceoocytesin preparation for fertilization.
Produce the sex steroid hormonesoestrogenandprogesterone, in response to pituitary gonadotrophins (LH and FSH).
Each ovary taking an alternate turn in releasing an egg.
What are the two Female reproductive cycle
Ovarian cycle
menstrual; cycle
What is the Ovarian cycle
the preparation of endocrine tissues and the release of eggs,
What is the menstrual cycle
the preparation and maintenance of the uterine lining. These cycles occur concurrently and are coordinated over a 22–32-day cycle, with an average length of 28 days.
What are the four phases of menstrual cycle
Menstrual phase
folicular phase
ovulation phase
luteal phase
What are the organs involved in the female reproductive system
Hypothalamus
Anterior pituitary gland
Ovary
Uterus
What happens on day 0
10-20 oocytes start to mature into:
Primary Follicles
This process is prompted by falling levels of progesterone which occur at the end of the previous cycle.
what are the female reproductive organs glands
Hypothalmus
Anterior pituatary gland
ovary
uterus
What does the hypothalmus relasee
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone This stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release
Follicle Stimulating Hormone and luteinising hormone
What does the Follicle Stimulating Hormone do
travels to the ovaries
What is the follicular phase
Primary follicles can only develop into secondary follicles,As the follicles mature, they produce Oestrogen
What does Oestrogen do
travels to the womb and tells it to prepare the uterine lining for a baby but also also travels to the hypothalamus and inhibits the release of GnDR which in turn stops the anterior pituitary gland releasing FSH
What is the ovulation phase
this is the Surge of Oestrogen.stimulates the hypothalamus to release GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release FSH
and
Lutenising hormone
What is the Lutenising hormone
this weakens the wall of the ovary, so the egg is released.
What is atresia
if an oocyte or developing follicle does not mature it goes through atresia.the oocyte or follicle degenerates and is reabsorbed.
How long does the egg live for
the egg lives for around 24 hours
What is progesterone
tells the uterine lining to thicken and become highly vasularised.
What is the ova
Ova leaves the ovary,is collected by the fimbra and enters the fallopian tube.
What happens if you have high levels of LH
tells the remnant cells left after ovulation to release Progesterone
What is the luteal phase
Corpus Luteum continues releasing Progesterone.if a sperm fertilizer an egg, Human ChorionicGonadotropin (hCG) is released which travels to the brain and tells the corpus luteum to maintain progesterone levels to support the developing placenta
What is the menstrual phase
If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum in the ovary starts to break down after 10 days, and the levels of progesterone in the body begin to decrease. As progesterone levels decrease, the thickened uterine lining, which is highly vascularized, begins to break down and separate from the uterine wall. This process leads to the beginning of menstruation.
What are the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome
back pain
abdominal pain
headache
nausea
fatigue
What id included in menopause
Number of oocytes very depleted.
Ovaries begin to lose their sensitivity to FSH and LH.
Less oestrogen and progesterone is produced as a result.
what occurs during menopause
Menstrual periods become infrequent, irregular and eventually stop.Lower oestrogen affects calcium metabolism leading to osteomalacia / osteoporosis. side effects hot flushes,heavy sweating,some hair loss,vaginal dryness
What is mammary glands
located within the breast 15 to 20 lobes of glandulartissuethat radiate around the nipple.
How does oestrogen link with mammary glands
Oestrogen causes glandular units and adipose tissue to grow during puberty.
How does progesterone link with mammary glands
Progesterone causes the development of the duct system.
Where does the milk get produced
Milk production occurswithin the alveoli,oxytocin stimulates the breast tissue to squeeze the alveoli, pushing the milk into the mammary ducts.
The ducts carry the milk through the breast.
