Intergumentary System Flashcards
What are the key parts of the Integumentary system?
Skin
Nail
Hair
Sweat glands
Oil glands
What is the skin
10 - 16% of total body mass thickness ranges 0.5 to 1-2mm
What are the layers of the skin
Epidermis - outside
Dermis - skin
Cutaneous - fatty layer
What are the five layers of the epidermis
Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Lucindum
Startum Corneum
What is Stratum Basale
Consist of single row of keratinocytes are stem cells and keratin is a protein it is therefore essential for healing and form more protein sites leads to more keratin. Manufacturing layer and holds everything together
What is stem cells
are the bodies master cells with the ability to grow into any one of the body
What is Tonofilaments and Desmosomes
Tonofilaments gives the cells its structure but also attach to Desmosomes is a structure where two adjacent cells are attached formed by protein plaques
What is the Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Spinosum is made up of 8-10 layers of keratinocytes but also include langerhan cells and Melanocytes
What is the Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Granulosum is made up of 3-5 layers of flattened kerotinocytes .This is the layer where keratin is produced.
This is where scheduled cell death takes place. This is called apoptosis,The Chief function is waterproofing
What is Stratum Lucindum
Stratum Lucindum is 3-5 layers of dead, flattened keratin presents on soles of feet and palms of hands it consist of thickened plasma membranes and is responsible for supporting the skin in stretching
Contains proteins responsible for apoptosis
What is Stratum Corneum
Stratum Corneum is about 25-35 layers thick is made up of dead keratinocytes.it protects inner layers from mechanical damage and friction and acts a waterproof barrier
What is the dermis
Is composed of two layers which are Papillary Layer
Reticular Layer
What is the papillary layer
is nipple like projections which helps increase surface area and allows the epidermis to lock with the dermis.It has a capillary vessels which deliver oxygen and take deoxygenated blood away has free ending nerve
What is the reticular layer
It is made up of dense connective tissues that contribute to the skin’s elasticity. Has two main fibers collagen and elastic
What is collagen fibers
is a hard insoluble protein which is also fibrous is very strong it supports the structures and holds them together it binds with water
What is sebaceous gland
they secret sebum which is an oily substance that protect the skin form drying out
What is sweat glands
is part of the body elimination process and thermoregulation
What is the subcutaneous layer
is primarily where fat is stored and where we insulate ourselves has blood vessels
What are the functions of the skin
protection, Immunity, thermoregulation,sensitivity,sever as a blood supply,Excretion and endocrine
What is protection - Melanin
about 8% are melanocytes that are in the stratum spinosum. Melanin protects from sunlight but also from any types of radiation share with keratinocytes
What is golgi apparatus
is responsible for transporting,modifying and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicle
How is stratum corneum link to protection
is a physical barrier that protects against pathogen
What is immunity
are a type of white blood cell made in the bone marrow that migrates to the skin. Langerhans cells detected pathogens that enter what are they are going to do
What is thermoregualtion
The subcutaneous layer is a fatty layer provides insulation layer against the cold
Vasocontrction and vasodilation
oxygenated blood enters the arteries muscles around vessels constrict to keep the heat in this is the opposite to when it is warm
What happens when you get goosebumps
when it is called outside the hair the piloerection muscles contract and pulls the hair up to trap warm air
what is sweating with thermoregulation
as soon as the body’s internal temperature rises sweat glands produce sweat and uses energy to evaporate sweat but you lose water in order to cool down
What is skin sensitivity
not able to detect injuries or sensations due damage nerve endings which leaves to poor circulation
what does glabrous mean
means having no surface has hairs smooth skin
What does non - glabrous mean
means being hairy
what are the types of receptors
Meissners corpuscle
Pacinian corpuscle
Merkels disc
Ruffinis corpuscle
What is Meissners corpuscle
detect light touch and dynamic pressure
what is Pacinian corpuscle
detect gross pressure changes normally found in the deeper of the skin
what is Merkels disc
detect touch and static pressure found in the fingertips
what is Ruffinis corpuscle
this is responsible for perception of temperature
how does the skin serve as a blood reservoir
contains a network of blood vessels which hold 8-10%.when the skin is significantly burned as it fills with fluid directly into the skin forming blisters.
what is excretion and absorption in the skin
Approximately 400ml of water evaporates daily through the skin
Salt, CO2, ammonia and urea are excreted in our sweat.
Absorption: lipid soluble substances can penetrate skin
Vitamin D directly to the skin
Our body creates vitamin D from Direct sunlight on the skin
Vitamin D allows your body to absorb calcium
Vitamin D process
the epidermal layer synthesis pre-vitamin D the UV rays shine onto the skin and convert into pre-vitamin D3 supporting the skin travels to the liver converts it in to calcidiol goes into the kidneys which converts it into calcitriol absorbed into the body
How does the parathyroid link to calcium and vitamin d
when vitamin D is low the absorption of calcium levels is also low in the intestine which causes the levels of calcium low in the blood. the parathyroid release of parathyroid hormone increases the calcium
what is osteomalacia
is the softening of bone this is due to the lack of calcium
what are the three things that give our skin colour
Haemoglobin - red blood cells
Melanin
Carotine
What is carotine
Beta-carotene is a compound that gives vivid yellow, orange, and red coloring to vegetables. The body converts beta-carotene into vitamin A (retinol), which plays a critical role in cell growth and in maintaining healthy organs such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys.
