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ANAPHY LEC > MUSCULAR SYSTEM > Flashcards

MUSCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

It originates from Latin musculus literally means “little mouse”.

A

MUSCLE

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2
Q

muscle originates from Latin _____ literally means “little mouse”.

A

MUSCULUS

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3
Q

MUSCULUS means

A

LITTLE MOUSE

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4
Q

musculus is ______ (nationality)

A

LATIN

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5
Q

It is the SOFT TISSUE of the human body which primarily function for MOVEMENT.

A

MUSCLE

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6
Q

primary function of MUSCLE

A

MOVEMENT

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7
Q

The branch of science which is the STUDY OF MUSCLE is _____.

A

MYOLOGY

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8
Q

Essential Characteristics of Muscles

A

EXCITABILITY
EXTENSIBILITY
CONTRACTILITY
ELASTICITY

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9
Q

It is the ability of muscle to RESPOND TO A STIMULUS

A

EXCITABILITY

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10
Q

It is the ability of muscle cells to SHORTEN FORCEFULLY.

A

CONTRACTILITY

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11
Q

It is the ability of a muscle to be STRETCHED.

A

EXTENSIBILITY

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12
Q

It is the ability of muscle to RECOIL OR BOUNCE BACK to the muscle’s original length after being stretched.

A

ELASTICITY

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13
Q

how many types of MUSCLE TISSUE

A

3

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14
Q

THREE TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE

A

SKELETAL
CARDIAC
SMOOTH

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15
Q

also known as STRIATED VOLUNTARY muscle

A

SKELETAL MUSCLE

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16
Q

SKELETAL MUSLCE is also known as

A

STRIATED VOLUNTARY MUSCLE

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17
Q

striated voluntary muscle, multinucleated, attached to skeleton

A

SKELETAL MUSCLE

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18
Q

also known as STRIATED INVOLUNTARY muscle

A

CARDIAC MUSCLE

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19
Q

CARDIAC MUSCLE is also known as

A

striated involuntary muscle

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20
Q

striated involuntary muscle, nuclei are centrally located, with intercalated discs

A

CARDIAC MUSCLE

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21
Q

nucleus of skeletal muscle

A

multinucleated

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22
Q

nucleus of cardiac muscle

A

centrally located

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23
Q

also known as UNSTRIATED/NON-STRIATED INVOLUNTARY muscle

A

SMOOTH MUSCLE

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24
Q

SMOOTH MUSCLE is also known as

A

unstriated/non-striated involuntary muscle

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25
Q

unstriated/non-striated involuntary muscle, cells are short, spindle-shaped and have a single nucleus

A

SMOOTH MUSCLE

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26
Q

nucleus of smooth muscle

A

single nucleus

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27
Q

skeletal muscle:
around muscle

A

EPIMYSIUM

28
Q

skeletal muscle:
around fascicles

A

PERIMYSIUM

29
Q

skeletal muscle:
around fibers, or cells

A

ENDOMYSIUM

30
Q

ALPHABETICAL ORDER OF MUSCLE FROM LARGEST TO SMALLEST:

A

Fascicle
Fiber
Fibril
Filament

31
Q

made up of actin molecule, tropomyosin and troponin complex

A

ACTIN MYOFILAMENT

32
Q

composed of three sub-units (I, T and C)

A

TROPONIN

33
Q

form TWO HELICAL STRAND which are wrapped around actin molecule longitudinally in thin twisted stranded form.

A

TROPOMYOSIN

34
Q

consists of a long rod-shaped tail called myosin rod and two globular intertwined myosin head. The globular head appear at interval along

A

MYOSIN FILAMENT

35
Q

long rod-shaped tail in myosin filament

A

MYOSIN ROD

36
Q

neurotransmitter that binds at a motor end-plate to TRIGGER DEPOLARIZATION

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

37
Q

protein that MAKES UP MOST OF THE THIN MYOFILAMENTS in a sarcomere muscle fiber

A

ACTIN

38
Q

CHANGE IN VOLTAGE of a cell membrane in response to a stimulus that results in TRANSMISSION OF AN ELECTRICAL SIGNAL; unique to neurons and muscle fibers

A

ACTION POTENTIAL

39
Q

to REDUCE THE VOLTAGE difference between the inside and outside of a cell’s plasma membrane (the sarcolemma for a muscle fiber), making the inside less negative than at rest

A

DEPOLARIZE

40
Q

SYNAPSE between the axon terminal of a motor neuron and the section of the membrane of a muscle fiber with receptors for the acetylcholine released by the terminal

A

NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION (NMJ)

41
Q

SIGNALING CHEMICAL released by nerve terminals that bind to and ACTIVATE RECEPTORS on target cells

A

NEUROTRANSMITTER

42
Q

SPACE between a nerve (axon) terminal and a motor end-plate

A

SYNAPTIC CLEFT

43
Q

PROJECTION of the sarcolemma into the interior of the cell

A

T-TUBULE

44
Q

the CHANGE IN MEMBRANE POTENTIAL that RETURNS IT TO A NEGATIVE VALUE just after the depolarization phase of an action potential has changed the membrane potential to a positive value

A

REPOLARIZATION

45
Q

This is a PROPOSED MECHANISM OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION in which the actin and myosin filaments of striated muscle SLIDE OVER EACH OTHER to shorten the length of the muscle fibers which allows bridges to form between actin and myosin, that requires ATP as an energy source.

A

SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY

46
Q

has LARGE AMOUNTS of red myoglobin, numerous mitochondria, and extensive capillary blood supply

A

SLOW-TWITCH OXIDATIVE MUSCLE

47
Q

smaller diameter, darker color due to myoglobin, FATIGUE-RESISTANT

A

SLOW-TWITCH OXIDATIVE MUSCLE FIBERS

48
Q

larger diameter, pale color, EASILY FATIGUED

A

FAST-TWITCH GLYCOLYTIC MUSCLE FIBERS

49
Q

A CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE that causes WEAKNESS IN THE SKELETAL MUSCLES. It came from the Latin and Greek words meaning “grave, or serious, muscle weakness.”

A

MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

50
Q

A disorder characterized by WIDESPREAD MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN accompanied by fatigue, widespread pain and cognitive difficulties. Causes may include Genetics in origin, infections, physical or emotional trauma.

A

FIBROMAYGIA

51
Q

FIBROMAYGIA is also called as

A

fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)

52
Q

a GROUP OF DISEASES that cause PROGRESSIVE WEAKNESS AND LOSS OF MUSCLE MASS. This condition is due to abnormal genes (mutations) that interfere with the production of proteins needed to form healthy muscle.

A

MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY

53
Q

This is a condition in which the muscles on one side of a person’s face become weak or paralyzed. It AFFECTS ONLY ONE SIDE OF THE FACE AT A TIME, causing it to droop or become stiff on that side. It’s caused by some kind of trauma to the SEVENTH CRANIAL nerve being called the “facial nerve”.

A

BELL’S PALSY

54
Q

which nerve is affected in BELL’S PALSY

A

SEVENTH CRANIAL NERVE / FACIAL NERVE

55
Q

a TEAR OF THE HAMSTRING FIBERS. This group of muscles are important in extending the hip joint and bending the knee joint.

A

PULLED HAMSTRING

56
Q

PULLED HAMSTRING is also called as

A

hamstring strain

57
Q

It is a STRONG, PAINFUL CONTRACTION OR TIGHTENING OF A MUSCLE that comes on suddenly and lasts from a few seconds to several minutes. It often occurs in the legs. This condition is also being called Charley horse. Leg cramps that occur during nighttime are usually sudden spasms, or tightening, of muscles in the calf

A

MUSCLE CRAMP

58
Q

MUSCLE CRAMP is also being called ___

A

CHARLEY HORSE

59
Q

a kind of muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs such as blood vessels, the GIT, bladder and uterus

A

SMOOTH MUSCLE

60
Q

a LONG-TERM NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE that leads to varying degrees of skeletal muscle weakness. The most commonly affected muscles are those of the eyes, face, and swallowing. It can result in double vision, drooping eyelids, trouble talking, and trouble walking.

A

MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

61
Q

an important molecule in the neuromuscular junction that BREAKS DOWN ACETYCHOLINE.

A

Acetylcholinesterase

62
Q

During the depolarization phase of an action potential, the PERMEABILITY OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE to ___.

A

sodium ions
Na+ increases

63
Q

Smooth muscle can both shorten and stretch to a greater extent than the other muscle types.

True

False

A

TRUE

64
Q

Cardiac muscle fibers can undergo hypertrophy in response to an increased workload. This is called a ________.

physiological enlarged heart

pathological enlarged heart

none of the given choices

A

physiological enlarged heart

65
Q

Slow twitch muscle fibers are more resistant to fatigue than the other muscle fiber types.

true

false

A

TRUE

ANAPHY LEC (7 decks)

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