ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Flashcards
A small BEAN-SHAPED GLAND at the base of the brain, located in a bony cavity in the base of the skull – the sella turcica.
PITUITARY GLAND
pituitary gland is located in a bony cavity in the base of the skull called
SELLA TURCICA
_______ control the other endocrine glands and influence growth, metabolism, and maturation
SECRETIONS
pituitary gland is divided into:
ANTERIOR PITUITARY (adenohypophysis)
POSTERIOR PITUITARY (neurohypophysis or pars nervosa)
anterior pituitary
adenohypophysis
posterior pituitary
neurohypophysis or pars nervosa
a thin cell layer BETWEEN the PARS DISTALIS and the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS.
PARS INTERMEDIA
Thin zone of basophilic cells
PARS INTERMEDIA
pars intermedia is a thin zone of
basophilic cell
surrounds the NEURAL STALK.
PARS TUBERALIS
the pars tuberalis surrounds the
NEURAL STALK
Consist of basophilic secretory cells
PARS TUBERALIS
pars tuberalis consist of
BASOPHILIC SECRETORY CELLS
Consist of secretory cells called CHROMOPHILS (include acidophils and basophils) and CHROMOPHOBES
PARS DISTALIS
pars distalis Consist of secretory cells called
CHROMOPHILS & CHROMOPHOBES
secretory cells that include ACIDOPHILS and BASOPHILS
CHROMOPHILS
the LARGEST PART of the hypophysis.
PARS DISTALIS
pars distalis is the largest part of the
HYPOPHYSIS
located at the BASE OF HYPOTHALAMUS from which extends the pituitary stalk or infundibulum
MEDIAN EMINENCE
located the UNMYELINATED AXONS that extend from the neurons in the hypothalamus.
PITUITARY STALK / INFUNDIBULUM
The LARGE PORTION of the neurohypophysis
PARS NERVOSA
contains the unmyelinated axons of secretory hypothalamic neurons, their endings with hormones, and the supportive cells, called pituicytes.
PARS NERVOSA
SUPPORTIVE CELLS that are located in the pars nervosa is called
PITUICYTES
The hypothalamus’ main role is to keep the body in _____ as much as possible.
HOMEOSTASIS
Its main role is to keep the body in homeostasis as much as possible.
HYPOTHALAMUS
The hypothalamus sends signals to the _____ to release or inhibit pituitary hormone production.
PITUITARY
The hypothalamus sends signals to the pituitary to release or inhibit pituitary __________.
HORMONE PRODUCTION
The _________ sends signals to the pituitary to release or inhibit pituitary hormone production.
HYPOTHALAMUS
The hypothalamus acts as the ______ between the endocrine and nervous systems to achieve this. It plays a part in many essential functions of the body such as: body temperature , thirst, appetite and weight control, Emotions ,sleep cycles, sex drive, childbirth, blood pressure and heart rate, production of
digestive juices balancing bodily fluids
CONNECTOR
The ________ acts as the connector between the endocrine and nervous systems to achieve this. It plays a part in many essential functions of the body such as: body temperature , thirst, appetite and weight control, Emotions ,sleep cycles, sex drive, childbirth, blood pressure and heart rate, production of
digestive juices balancing bodily fluids
HYPOTHALAMUS
The hypothalamus acts as the connector between the ______ and ________ systems to achieve this. It plays a part in many essential functions of the body such as: body temperature , thirst, appetite and weight control, Emotions, sleep cycles, sex drive, childbirth, blood pressure and heart rate, production of
digestive juices balancing bodily fluids
ENDOCRINE & NERVOUS
hormones produced by neurons in the hypothalamus directly influence and control the synthesis and release of how many specific hormones from the adenohypophysis
SIX SPECIFIC HORMONES
_____ are produced by neurons in the hypothalamus
RELEASING HORMONES
the releasing & inhibitory hormones secreted from the hypothalamic neurons are carried from the primary capillary plexus to the second capillary plexus in the adenohypophysis via the _________
HYPOPHYSEAL PORTAL SYSTEM
the _____ DOES NOT secret hormones
NEUROHYPOPHYSIS
the neurohypophysis stores and releases only TWO hormones:
OXYTOCIN & VASOPRESSIN
antidiuretic hormone or ADH
VASOPRESSIN
oxytocin & vasopressin are synthesized in the hypothalamus by the neurons in the ______ and ______
PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEI & SUPRAOPTIC NUCLEI
oxytocin & vasopressin are transported along unmyelinated axons and stored in the axon terminals of the neurohypophysis as _______
HERRING BODIES
Herring bodies are visible with a ______ microscope
LIGHT MICROSCOPE
This hormone INCREASES WATR ABSORPTION into the blood by the kidneys.
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
sends a message to the anterior pituitary gland to STIMULATE THE ADRENAL GLANDS to RELEASE CORTICOSTEROIDS, which help regulate metabolism and immune response
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
help regulate metabolism and immune response
CORTICOSTEROIDS
timulates the anterior pituitary to release FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH) and LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH), which work together to ensure NORMAL FUNCTIONING of the OVARIES & TESTES
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to release what two hormones
FSH & LH
prompts the anterior pituitary to release growth hormone (GH)
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) or growth hormone-inhibiting) hormone (GHIH
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) or growth hormone-inhibiting) hormone (GHIH are also known as
SOMATOSTAIN
