Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAPHY LEC > IMMUNE SYSTEM > Flashcards

IMMUNE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Is the ability to DESTROY PATHOGENS or other foreign material & to prevent further cases of certain infectious diseases

A

IMMUNITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

non-specific responses

A

INNATE/NATURAL IMMUNITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

specific responses

A

ADAPTIVE/ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

LINE:
skin

A

1st line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

LINE:
mucous membranes & secretion

A

1st line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

LINE:
normal flora

A

1st line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

LINE:
innate immune cells

A

2nd line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

LINE:
inflammation

A

2nd line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

LINE:
complement

A

2nd line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

LINE:
antimicrobial substances

A

2nd line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

LINE:
B cells (produce antibodies)

A

3rd line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

LINE:
T cells
- helper T cells
- killer T cells

A

3rd line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cells that produce antibodies

A

B cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

FIRST LINE of defense

A

MECHANICAL BARRIER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

wash away pathogens

A

tears, saliva, urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

INGEST and DESTROY foreign substances.

A

PHAGOCYTIC CELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

samples of phagocytic cells

A

neutrophils & macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

destroy IRREVERSIBLY STRESSED and ABNORMAL CELLS such as virus-infected and tumor cells

A

NATURAL KILLER CELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dendritic cells are also called as

A

INTERDIGITATING DENDRITIC CELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the MOST IMPORTANT ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS for initiating T cells responses against PROTEIN ANTIGENS.

A

DENDRITIC CELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

dendritic cells initiates T cells responses against __________.

A

PROTEIN ANTIGENS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  • Increase metabolic rates
  • inhibits microbial multiplication
  • inactivates enzymes
A

FEVER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Are protein produced by CELLS INFECTED WITH VIRUSES & by T cells

A

CHEMICAL MEDIATORS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

chemical mediators are produced by

A

infected cells & T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

TYPES OF INTERFERONS

A

Gamma
Alpha
Beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

infected by virus; makes interferon; is killed by virus

A

HOST CELL 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

entered by interferon from ell 1; interferon induces changes that protect it

A

HOST CELL 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

a group of MORE THAN 20 PLASMA proteins that circulate in the blood until activated

A

COMPLEMENT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

they are involved in the LYSIS of cellular antigens & labeling of non-cellular antigens

A

COMPLEMENT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

It depends on the BINDING of ANTIBODIES

A

CLASSICAL PATHWAY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

it is TRIGGERED by the INTERACTION of SEVERAL PROTEIN FACTORS

A

ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

enhancement of phagocytosis by coating with C3b

A

OPSONIZATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

increase of BLOOD VESSEL PERMEABILITY and chemotactic attraction of phagocytes

A

INFLAMMATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

LOSS of CCELLULAR CONTENTS through transmembrane channel formed by membrane attack complex C5-C9

A

CYTOLYSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

It is also known as Specific Immunity or Acquired Immunity

A

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

2 TYPES OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

A

HUMORAL IMMUNITY
CELLULAR IMMUNITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

humoral immunity is provided by ______

A

B LYMPHOCYTES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q
  • can recognize protein, polysaccharide, phospholipid, and nucleic acid antigens
  • can act AGAINST SOLUBLE or FREE ANTIGENS
  • provides IMMUNITY to EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA, viruses, & toxins
  • causes type I, II, & III hypersensitivity
A

HUMORAL IMMUNITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

cell mediated immunity is provided by _________

A

T LYMPHOCYTES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q
  • can recognize ONLY PROTEIN ANTIGENS
  • recognizes antigens presented by APCs with class I or class II MHC molecule
  • provides immunity to INTRACELLULAR bacteria, viruses, FUNGI & PROTOZOA
  • causes type IV hypersensitivity; causes acute graft injection
A

CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

humoral immunity causes what types of hypersensitivity

A

I, II, & III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

cell mediated immunity causes _____

A

type IV hypersensitivity & acute graft rejection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q
  • This process involved BODY FLUIDS
  • It involves B lymphocytes which produce antibodies
A

HUMORAL IMMUNITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

It is being produced by PLASMA CELLS. Are proteins produced in RESPONSE TO ANTIGEN. Make up a large portion of the plasma proteins, that include alpha, beta, and gamma globulins portions.

A

ANTIBODIES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

antibodies are also called

A

GAMMA GLOBULINS
(Ig) IMMUNOGLOBULINS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

antibodies are being produced by

A

PLASMA CELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Attaches to multiple cells making a CLUMP -blood typing.

A

AGGLUTINATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

CANDY COATING of bacteria for phagocytosis

A

OPSONIZATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

antibodies BLOCK the activity of a pathogen

A

NEUTRALIZATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

multiple pathogens are AGGREATED by antibody molecules

A

AGGLUTINATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

pathogens bound by antibodies are MORE FFICIENTLY ENGULFED by phagocytes

A

OPSONIZATION

52
Q

antibodies bound to pathogens ACTIVATE the complement cascade, resulting in the LYSIS of the cell

A

COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION

53
Q

abnormal body cells that are bound by antibodies are recognized by natural killer cells and are subsequently lysed

A

ENHANCED NK CELL ACTIVITY

54
Q

complement activation, agglutination, opsonization, and neutralization; crosses placenta to protect fetus

A

IgG

55
Q

complement activation, agglutination, and neutralization

A

IgM

56
Q

agglutination and neutralization

A

IgA

57
Q

triggers release of HISTAMINES from basophils and mast cells

A

IgE

58
Q

unknown

A

IgD

59
Q

activated cells related to mediated immunity: macrophages, CD 8 T cells, and natural killer cells

A

HELPER T1 CELL

60
Q

stimulates production of eosinophils, IgM and IgE

A

HELPER T2 CELL

61
Q

destroys target cells on contact

A

CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE (CTL)

62
Q

regulates immune response and helps maintain tolerance

A

REGULATORY T CELL

63
Q

enhanced phagocytic activity; attacks cancer cells

A

ACTIVATED MACROPHAGE

64
Q

attacks and destroys target cells; participates in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity

A

NATURAL KILLER CELLS

65
Q

destroys virus-infected cell

A

KILLER T CELL

66
Q

boosts immune response by activating killer T cells and stimulating antibody production by B cells

A

HELPER T CELL

67
Q

presists in bloodstream to protect against future infections

A

MEMORY T CELL

68
Q

protects healthy cell

A

SUPPRESSOR T CELL

69
Q

white blood cells formed in BONE MARRW and ACTIVE IN LYMPHATIC TISSUE

A

LYMPHOCYTES

70
Q

B cells mature in

A

BONE MARROW

71
Q
  • mature in bone marrow
  • move to lymph nodes
  • recognize antigens
  • most produce antibodies
  • some remain as memory cells
A

B CELLS

72
Q

T cells mature in

A

THYMUS GLAND

73
Q
  • mature in thymus gland
  • helper, killer, suppressor, memory
A

T CELLS

74
Q
  • stimulate B cells
  • stimulate killer T cells
A

HELPER T CELLS
MEMORY T CELLS

75
Q
  • cause ABNORMAL CELLS to BURST
A

KILLER T CELLS

76
Q
  • turn off immune responses
A

SUPPRESSOR T CELLS

77
Q

innate immunity

A

inbron - genetic factors

78
Q

acquired immunity

A

active
passive

79
Q

own antibodies

A

active

80
Q

ready-made antibodies

A

passive

81
Q

exposure to infectious agent

A

NATURAL active immunity

82
Q

immunization

A

ARTIFICIAL active immunity

83
Q

maternal antibodies

A

NATURAL passive immunity

84
Q

antibodies from other sources

A

ARTIFICIAL PASSIVE IMMUNITY

85
Q

can be described as either active or passive, depending on how it is acquired

A

IMMUNITY

86
Q

involves the PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODIES BY THE BODY ITSELF and the subsequent development of memory cells

A

ACTIVE IMMUNITY

87
Q

results from the ACQUISITION OF ANTIBODIES FROM ANOTHER SOURCE and hence MEMORY CELLS ARE NOT DEVELOPED

A

PASSIVE IMMUNITY

88
Q

will result in long-term immunity

A

ACTIVE IMMUNITY

89
Q

will not result in long-term immunity (due to the absence of memory cells)

A

PASSIVE IMMUNITY

90
Q

Producing antibodies in response to EXPOSURE TO A PATHOGENIC INFECTION (i.e. challenge and response)

A

NATURAL ACTIVE IMMUNITY

91
Q

Producing antibodies in response to the CONTROLLED EXPOSURE to an attenuated pathogen (i.e. vaccination)

A

ARITFICIAL ACTIVE IMMUNITY

92
Q

Receiving antibodies FROM ANOTHER ORGANISM (e.g. to the fetus via the colostrum or a newborn via breast milk)

A

NATURAL PASSIVE IMMUNITY

93
Q

Receiving manufactured antibodies via EXTERNAL DELIVERY (e.g blood transfusions of monoclonal antibodies)

A

ARTIFICIAL PASSIVE IMMUNITY

94
Q

Substance that STIMULATES adaptive immune responses.

A

ANTIGENS

95
Q

Are introduced from
OUTSIDE THE BODY.

A

FOREIGN ANTIGENS

96
Q

Are SMALL MOLECULES (low molecular weight) capable of COMBINING WITH LARGER MOLECULES like blood proteins to stimulate an adaptive immune system response.

A

HAPTENS

97
Q

Are molecules PRODUCED BY THE BODY that stimulate an IMMUNE SYSTEM RESPONSE.

A

SELF-ANTIGENS

98
Q

It results when self-antigens stimulate UNWANTED DESTRUCTION OF NORMAL TISSUE

A

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

99
Q

the ability to resist damage from foreign substances, such as microorganisms; harmful chemicals, such as toxins released by microorganisms; and internal threats, such as cancer cells.

A

IMMUNITY

100
Q

the body recognizes and destroys certain foreign substances, but the RESPONSE to them is the SAME each time the body is exposed.

A

INNATE IMMUNITY

101
Q

the body recognizes and destroys foreign substances, but the RESPONSE to them is FASTER AND STRONGER THAN THE FIRST TIME the foreign substance was encountered.

A

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

102
Q

the ability of adaptive immunity to recognize a particular substance.

A

SPECIFICITY

103
Q

characteristics of adaptive immunity, but not of innate immunity

A

Specificity and memory

104
Q

ability of adaptive immunity to “remember” previous encounters with a particular substance.

A

MEMORY

105
Q

includes body defenses that are PRESENT AT BIRTH and genetically determined

A

INNATE IMMUNITY

106
Q

includes body defenses that are ACQUIRED through a person’s lifetime, depending on exposure to different microorganisms.

A

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

107
Q

Adaptive immunity is unique to

A

VERTEBRATES

108
Q

prevent microorganisms and chemicals from entering the body.

A

PHYSICAL BARRIERS

109
Q

are molecules responsible for many aspects of innate immunity

A

CHEMICAL MEDIATORS

110
Q
  • are PROTEINS OR PEPTIDES secreted by cells that BIND TO RECEPTORS on cell surfaces, stimulating a response.
  • regulate the INTESITY and DURATION of IMMUNE RESPONSES and stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of cells.
A

CYTOKINES

111
Q
  • an amine released from mast cells, basophils, and platelets
  • causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, stimulates gland secretions
  • causes smooth muscle contraction of airway passages (bronchioles) in the lungs, and attracts eosinophils
A

HISTAMINE

112
Q
  • are polypeptides derived from plasma proteins
  • cause vasodilation, increase vascular permeability, stimulate pain receptors, and attract neutrophils
A

KININS

113
Q

are proteins, produced by most cells, that INTERFERE with virus production and infection

A

INTERFERONS

114
Q

a group of plasma proteins that increase vascular permeability, stimulate the release of histamine, activate kinins, lyse cells, promote phagocytosis, and attract neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils

A

COMPLEMENT

115
Q

are a GROUP OF LIPIDS, produced primarily by mast cells and basophils, that cause PROLONGED SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS (especially in the lung bronchioles), increase vascular permeability, and attract neutrophils and eosinophils

A

LEUKOTRIENES

116
Q

are chemicals, released by neutrophils, monocytes, and other cells, that STIMULATE FEVER PRODUCTION.

A

PYROGENS

117
Q

are proteins that protect the body against viral infection and perhaps some forms of cancer.

A

INTERFERONS

118
Q

the MOST IMPORTANT CELLULAR COMPONENT of the immune system.

A

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

119
Q

Phagocytosis and inflammation; usually the FIRST CELL TO LEAVE THE BLOOD and ENTER INFECTED TISSUES

A

NEUTROPHIL

120
Q

Leaves the blood and enters tissues to become a MACROPHAGE

A

MONOCYTE

121
Q

MOST EFFECTIVE PHAGOCYTE; important in later stages of infection and in TISSUE REPAIR; located throughout the body to “intercept” foreign substances; processes antigens; involved in the activation of B cells and T cells

A

MACROPHAGE

122
Q

MOTILE CELL that leaves the blood, enters tissues, and RELEASES CHEMICALS that PROMOTE INFLAMMATION

A

BASOPHIL

123
Q

NONMOTILE CELL in connective tissues that promotes inflammation through the release of chemicals

A

MAST CELLS

124
Q

Enters tissues from the blood and DEFENDS AGAINST PARASITIC INFECTIONS; participates in inflammation associated with ASTHMA and ALLEGRIES

A

EOSINOPHIL

125
Q

Lyses tumor and virus-infected cells

A

NATURAL KILLER CELL

126
Q

a COMPLEX SEQUENCE OF EVENTS involving many of the chemical mediators and cells of innate immunity.

A

INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE

127
Q

Haptens are often referred to as

A

INCOMPLETE ANTIGENS

ANAPHY LEC (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions