IMMUNE SYSTEM Flashcards
1
Q
Is the ability to DESTROY PATHOGENS or other foreign material & to prevent further cases of certain infectious diseases
A
IMMUNITY
2
Q
non-specific responses
A
INNATE/NATURAL IMMUNITY
3
Q
specific responses
A
ADAPTIVE/ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
4
Q
LINE:
skin
A
1st line
5
Q
LINE:
mucous membranes & secretion
A
1st line
6
Q
LINE:
normal flora
A
1st line
7
Q
LINE:
innate immune cells
A
2nd line
8
Q
LINE:
inflammation
A
2nd line
9
Q
LINE:
complement
A
2nd line
10
Q
LINE:
antimicrobial substances
A
2nd line
11
Q
LINE:
B cells (produce antibodies)
A
3rd line
12
Q
LINE:
T cells
- helper T cells
- killer T cells
A
3rd line
13
Q
cells that produce antibodies
A
B cells
14
Q
FIRST LINE of defense
A
MECHANICAL BARRIER
15
Q
wash away pathogens
A
tears, saliva, urine
16
Q
INGEST and DESTROY foreign substances.
A
PHAGOCYTIC CELLS
17
Q
samples of phagocytic cells
A
neutrophils & macrophages
18
Q
destroy IRREVERSIBLY STRESSED and ABNORMAL CELLS such as virus-infected and tumor cells
A
NATURAL KILLER CELLS
19
Q
Dendritic cells are also called as
A
INTERDIGITATING DENDRITIC CELLS
20
Q
the MOST IMPORTANT ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS for initiating T cells responses against PROTEIN ANTIGENS.
A
DENDRITIC CELLS
21
Q
dendritic cells initiates T cells responses against __________.
A
PROTEIN ANTIGENS
22
Q
- Increase metabolic rates
- inhibits microbial multiplication
- inactivates enzymes
A
FEVER
23
Q
Are protein produced by CELLS INFECTED WITH VIRUSES & by T cells
A
CHEMICAL MEDIATORS
24
Q
chemical mediators are produced by
A
infected cells & T cells
25
TYPES OF INTERFERONS
Gamma
Alpha
Beta
26
infected by virus; makes interferon; is killed by virus
HOST CELL 1
27
entered by interferon from ell 1; interferon induces changes that protect it
HOST CELL 2
28
a group of MORE THAN 20 PLASMA proteins that circulate in the blood until activated
COMPLEMENT
29
they are involved in the LYSIS of cellular antigens & labeling of non-cellular antigens
COMPLEMENT
30
It depends on the BINDING of ANTIBODIES
CLASSICAL PATHWAY
31
it is TRIGGERED by the INTERACTION of SEVERAL PROTEIN FACTORS
ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY
32
enhancement of phagocytosis by coating with C3b
OPSONIZATION
33
increase of BLOOD VESSEL PERMEABILITY and chemotactic attraction of phagocytes
INFLAMMATION
34
LOSS of CCELLULAR CONTENTS through transmembrane channel formed by membrane attack complex C5-C9
CYTOLYSIS
35
It is also known as Specific Immunity or Acquired Immunity
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
36
2 TYPES OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
HUMORAL IMMUNITY
CELLULAR IMMUNITY
37
humoral immunity is provided by ______
B LYMPHOCYTES
38
- can recognize protein, polysaccharide, phospholipid, and nucleic acid antigens
- can act AGAINST SOLUBLE or FREE ANTIGENS
- provides IMMUNITY to EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA, viruses, & toxins
- causes type I, II, & III hypersensitivity
HUMORAL IMMUNITY
39
cell mediated immunity is provided by _________
T LYMPHOCYTES
40
- can recognize ONLY PROTEIN ANTIGENS
- recognizes antigens presented by APCs with class I or class II MHC molecule
- provides immunity to INTRACELLULAR bacteria, viruses, FUNGI & PROTOZOA
- causes type IV hypersensitivity; causes acute graft injection
CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY
41
humoral immunity causes what types of hypersensitivity
I, II, & III
42
cell mediated immunity causes _____
type IV hypersensitivity & acute graft rejection
43
- This process involved BODY FLUIDS
- It involves B lymphocytes which produce antibodies
HUMORAL IMMUNITY
44
It is being produced by PLASMA CELLS. Are proteins produced in RESPONSE TO ANTIGEN. Make up a large portion of the plasma proteins, that include alpha, beta, and gamma globulins portions.
ANTIBODIES
45
antibodies are also called
GAMMA GLOBULINS
(Ig) IMMUNOGLOBULINS
46
antibodies are being produced by
PLASMA CELLS
47
Attaches to multiple cells making a CLUMP -blood typing.
AGGLUTINATION
48
CANDY COATING of bacteria for phagocytosis
OPSONIZATION
49
antibodies BLOCK the activity of a pathogen
NEUTRALIZATION
50
multiple pathogens are AGGREATED by antibody molecules
AGGLUTINATION
51
pathogens bound by antibodies are MORE FFICIENTLY ENGULFED by phagocytes
OPSONIZATION
52
antibodies bound to pathogens ACTIVATE the complement cascade, resulting in the LYSIS of the cell
COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION
53
abnormal body cells that are bound by antibodies are recognized by natural killer cells and are subsequently lysed
ENHANCED NK CELL ACTIVITY
54
complement activation, agglutination, opsonization, and neutralization; crosses placenta to protect fetus
IgG
55
complement activation, agglutination, and neutralization
IgM
56
agglutination and neutralization
IgA
57
triggers release of HISTAMINES from basophils and mast cells
IgE
58
unknown
IgD
59
activated cells related to mediated immunity: macrophages, CD 8 T cells, and natural killer cells
HELPER T1 CELL
60
stimulates production of eosinophils, IgM and IgE
HELPER T2 CELL
61
destroys target cells on contact
CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE (CTL)
62
regulates immune response and helps maintain tolerance
REGULATORY T CELL
63
enhanced phagocytic activity; attacks cancer cells
ACTIVATED MACROPHAGE
64
attacks and destroys target cells; participates in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
NATURAL KILLER CELLS
65
destroys virus-infected cell
KILLER T CELL
66
boosts immune response by activating killer T cells and stimulating antibody production by B cells
HELPER T CELL
67
presists in bloodstream to protect against future infections
MEMORY T CELL
68
protects healthy cell
SUPPRESSOR T CELL
69
white blood cells formed in BONE MARRW and ACTIVE IN LYMPHATIC TISSUE
LYMPHOCYTES
70
B cells mature in
BONE MARROW
71
- mature in bone marrow
- move to lymph nodes
- recognize antigens
- most produce antibodies
- some remain as memory cells
B CELLS
72
T cells mature in
THYMUS GLAND
73
- mature in thymus gland
- helper, killer, suppressor, memory
T CELLS
74
- stimulate B cells
- stimulate killer T cells
HELPER T CELLS
MEMORY T CELLS
75
- cause ABNORMAL CELLS to BURST
KILLER T CELLS
76
- turn off immune responses
SUPPRESSOR T CELLS
77
innate immunity
inbron - genetic factors
78
acquired immunity
active
passive
79
own antibodies
active
80
ready-made antibodies
passive
81
exposure to infectious agent
NATURAL active immunity
82
immunization
ARTIFICIAL active immunity
83
maternal antibodies
NATURAL passive immunity
84
antibodies from other sources
ARTIFICIAL PASSIVE IMMUNITY
85
can be described as either active or passive, depending on how it is acquired
IMMUNITY
86
involves the PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODIES BY THE BODY ITSELF and the subsequent development of memory cells
ACTIVE IMMUNITY
87
results from the ACQUISITION OF ANTIBODIES FROM ANOTHER SOURCE and hence MEMORY CELLS ARE NOT DEVELOPED
PASSIVE IMMUNITY
88
will result in long-term immunity
ACTIVE IMMUNITY
89
will not result in long-term immunity (due to the absence of memory cells)
PASSIVE IMMUNITY
90
Producing antibodies in response to EXPOSURE TO A PATHOGENIC INFECTION (i.e. challenge and response)
NATURAL ACTIVE IMMUNITY
91
Producing antibodies in response to the CONTROLLED EXPOSURE to an attenuated pathogen (i.e. vaccination)
ARITFICIAL ACTIVE IMMUNITY
92
Receiving antibodies FROM ANOTHER ORGANISM (e.g. to the fetus via the colostrum or a newborn via breast milk)
NATURAL PASSIVE IMMUNITY
93
Receiving manufactured antibodies via EXTERNAL DELIVERY (e.g blood transfusions of monoclonal antibodies)
ARTIFICIAL PASSIVE IMMUNITY
94
Substance that STIMULATES adaptive immune responses.
ANTIGENS
95
Are introduced from
OUTSIDE THE BODY.
FOREIGN ANTIGENS
96
Are SMALL MOLECULES (low molecular weight) capable of COMBINING WITH LARGER MOLECULES like blood proteins to stimulate an adaptive immune system response.
HAPTENS
97
Are molecules PRODUCED BY THE BODY that stimulate an IMMUNE SYSTEM RESPONSE.
SELF-ANTIGENS
98
It results when self-antigens stimulate UNWANTED DESTRUCTION OF NORMAL TISSUE
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
99
the ability to resist damage from foreign substances, such as microorganisms; harmful chemicals, such as toxins released by microorganisms; and internal threats, such as cancer cells.
IMMUNITY
100
the body recognizes and destroys certain foreign substances, but the RESPONSE to them is the SAME each time the body is exposed.
INNATE IMMUNITY
101
the body recognizes and destroys foreign substances, but the RESPONSE to them is FASTER AND STRONGER THAN THE FIRST TIME the foreign substance was encountered.
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
102
the ability of adaptive immunity to recognize a particular substance.
SPECIFICITY
103
characteristics of adaptive immunity, but not of innate immunity
Specificity and memory
104
ability of adaptive immunity to “remember” previous encounters with a particular substance.
MEMORY
105
includes body defenses that are PRESENT AT BIRTH and genetically determined
INNATE IMMUNITY
106
includes body defenses that are ACQUIRED through a person’s lifetime, depending on exposure to different microorganisms.
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
107
Adaptive immunity is unique to
VERTEBRATES
108
prevent microorganisms and chemicals from entering the body.
PHYSICAL BARRIERS
109
are molecules responsible for many aspects of innate immunity
CHEMICAL MEDIATORS
110
- are PROTEINS OR PEPTIDES secreted by cells that BIND TO RECEPTORS on cell surfaces, stimulating a response.
- regulate the INTESITY and DURATION of IMMUNE RESPONSES and stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of cells.
CYTOKINES
111
- an amine released from mast cells, basophils, and platelets
- causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, stimulates gland secretions
- causes smooth muscle contraction of airway passages (bronchioles) in the lungs, and attracts eosinophils
HISTAMINE
112
- are polypeptides derived from plasma proteins
- cause vasodilation, increase vascular permeability, stimulate pain receptors, and attract neutrophils
KININS
113
are proteins, produced by most cells, that INTERFERE with virus production and infection
INTERFERONS
114
a group of plasma proteins that increase vascular permeability, stimulate the release of histamine, activate kinins, lyse cells, promote phagocytosis, and attract neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils
COMPLEMENT
115
are a GROUP OF LIPIDS, produced primarily by mast cells and basophils, that cause PROLONGED SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS (especially in the lung bronchioles), increase vascular permeability, and attract neutrophils and eosinophils
LEUKOTRIENES
116
are chemicals, released by neutrophils, monocytes, and other cells, that STIMULATE FEVER PRODUCTION.
PYROGENS
117
are proteins that protect the body against viral infection and perhaps some forms of cancer.
INTERFERONS
118
the MOST IMPORTANT CELLULAR COMPONENT of the immune system.
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
119
Phagocytosis and inflammation; usually the FIRST CELL TO LEAVE THE BLOOD and ENTER INFECTED TISSUES
NEUTROPHIL
120
Leaves the blood and enters tissues to become a MACROPHAGE
MONOCYTE
121
MOST EFFECTIVE PHAGOCYTE; important in later stages of infection and in TISSUE REPAIR; located throughout the body to “intercept” foreign substances; processes antigens; involved in the activation of B cells and T cells
MACROPHAGE
122
MOTILE CELL that leaves the blood, enters tissues, and RELEASES CHEMICALS that PROMOTE INFLAMMATION
BASOPHIL
123
NONMOTILE CELL in connective tissues that promotes inflammation through the release of chemicals
MAST CELLS
124
Enters tissues from the blood and DEFENDS AGAINST PARASITIC INFECTIONS; participates in inflammation associated with ASTHMA and ALLEGRIES
EOSINOPHIL
125
Lyses tumor and virus-infected cells
NATURAL KILLER CELL
126
a COMPLEX SEQUENCE OF EVENTS involving many of the chemical mediators and cells of innate immunity.
INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
127
Haptens are often referred to as
INCOMPLETE ANTIGENS
