Muscular System Flashcards
No. And percentage of muscle
700 named adding to 40-50% of body weight
Functions
Stability
Heat protect
Control body opening passages
Organ protect
Muscle fibre breakdown
Long cylinders of cell packed bundles wrapped in thin skin called Perimysium
3 muscle tissue types
- Skeletal
- Cardiac
- Smooth
Muscles 5 shapes
- Circular (orbicularis oculi) around eyes
- Convergent (pectoralis major)
- Parallel (recurs abdominis)
- Pennate
Unipennate (palmar interosseous ) between metacarpals
Bipennate (recurs femoris) middle quad
Multipennate (deltoid) - Fusiform (bicep)
Major muscles groups
- Arms and shoulders (deltoid, bicep, tricep)
- Back (trapezius, rhomboids, latissimus dorsi, erector spinae)
- Chest and pectoralis
- Abdominals
- Legs and buttocks (gluteals, quadriceps, hamstrings, calves)
Biceps
Long head originating from superaglenoid tubercle of scapula inserting to radius tuberosity allowing flexion at elbow and shoulder
Short head originating from coracoid process of scapula inserting at bicipital aponeurosis to fascia on medial side of forearm allowing supination of forearm
Triceps
Originating from infraglenoid tubercle of scapula inserting posterior olencranon process of ulna allowing extension at elbow & shoulder, abduction of shoulder
Deltoids
Originating from lateral third clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula to deltoid tubercle inserting middle of lateral surface of humerus allowing Flexion & internal rotation of arm (clavicle), abduction of arm beyond 15• (acromial), extension & external rotation of arm (spinal)
Latissimus dorsi
Originates spinous processes of T7-L5, iliac crest of cranium, thoracolumbar fascia, inferior angle of scapula, lower 3/4 ribs inserting bicipital groove of humerus allowing adduction, extension & internal rotation of arm and shoulder
Rhomboids
Rhomboid major originates spinous process T2-T5 inserting medial border scapula from spine to inferior angle allowing speculative adduction/retraction
Rhomboid minor originates spinous process C7-T1 inserting medial border scapula near spine allowing downward rotation of scapula
Erector spinae
Originates nuchal ligament, ribs 3-12, thoracic & lumbar vertebrae, median & lateral sacral crest, thoracolumbar fascia inserting mastoid process, cervical & thoracic vertebrae & all ribs allowing extension & lateral Flexion of vertebrae column
Trapezius
Originating external occipital protuberance, medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T3/T4 inserting acromion & spine of scapula , lateral 1/3 of clavicle allowing elevation & depression of shoulder, rotate and adduct scapula & stabilises scapula & arm during arm movement
Chest
Clavicular head originates from medial half of clavicle inserting bicipital groove of humerus
Sternal head originates sternum, upper costal cartilages (1-6), aponeurosis of external oblique inserting crest of greater tubercle of humerus
Both allowing Flexion, medially rotation & adduction at shoulder
Abdominals
External obliques originate ribs 5-12 inserting iliac crest & linea alba allowing rotation & lateral flexion of vertebrae column (Side)
Internal obliques originate inguinal ligament, iliac crest & thoracolumbar fascia inserting cartilages of ribs 7-10 & linea alba allowing rotation & lateral flexion of vertebrae column (underneath)
Rectus abdominis originates pubic crest & pubic symphysis inserting cartilages of ribs 5-7 & xiphoid process allowing Flexion of vertebrae column & compress abdomen (6 pack)
Transversus abdominis originates inguinal ligament, iliac crest, lumbar fascia & cartilages of ribs 7-10 inserting xiphoid process, linea alba & pubis allowing compress abdomen
(Wraps around spine for protection and stability)
Gluteals
Gluteus maximus originates sacrum, iliac crest, coccyx inserting gluteal tuberosity of femur & iliotibial band allowing extension of thigh at hip joint & lateral rotation of thigh
Gluteus medius originates ilium inserting greater trochanter of femur allowing abduction of thigh at hip joint & medial rotation of thigh
Gluteus minimus originates ilium inserting greater trochanter of femur
Quadriceps
Rectus femoris originates ilium, superior to acetabulum
Vastus lateralis originates femur at greater trochanter, linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity
Vastus medialis originates intertrochanteric line & medial lip of linea aspera
Vastus intermidius originates anterior & lateral surfaces of femoral shaft
All inserting patella & into tibia tuberosity via patellar ligament & lateral & Musial condyles of tibia allowing knee extension & Rectus femoris flexes thigh at hips
Hamstring
Bicep femoris originates long head ischial tuberosity, short head linea aspera inserting head of fibula
Semitendinosus originates ischial tuberosity inserting medial surfaces if tibia
Semimembranosus originates ischial tuberosity inserting Musial tibial condyle
All allowing knee Flexion, bicep femoris extends hips
Calves
Originate femoral condyles of femur inserting calcaneus via calcaneal tendon allowing plantar Flexion at ankle, inversion of foot & Flexion of knee
