Muscular System Flashcards
Skeletal Muscle
Voluntary
fibers are multinucleated structures that compose the skeletal muscle.
Cardiac Muscle
Involuntary
Heart
Smooth Muscle
Involuntary
smooth muscles are called so because they do not have striations. These can be found in hollow organs such as bladder, stomach, uterus, intestines, and passageways of circulatory system
Exicability
Able to send electrical waves (action potential) along the entire length
Elasticity
Having the ability to recoil back to its original length
Extensibility
Allows muscles to stretch or extend
Contractility
Allows muscles to pull on its attachment and shorten
Fascicle
The muscle fibers that are arranged in bundles
Epimysium
Outermost layer, surrounds entire muscle
Perimysium
Separates and surrounds fascicles
Endomysium
Surrounds each individual muscle fiber
Sarcolemma
Muscle fiber membrane
Myofibril
Individual parallel muscle fibers (made up of actin and myosin)
Sarcoplasm
Inner material surrounding the myofibril (equivalent to the cell’s cytoplasm)
Actin
Thin filaments
Myosin
Thick filaments
Subclavius
Stabilizes clavicle during movement by depressing it
Motion direction: depression
Serratus anterior
Moves arm from side of body to front body; assists with inhalation Scapula; protracts; ribs; elevates
Trapezius
Elevates shoulders pulls shoulder blades together tilts head backwards
Scapula, rotates inferiorly, retracts, elevates and depresses, spine, extends
Rhomboid major
Stabilizes scapula during pectoral girdle movement
Retracts, rotates inferiorly
Pectoralis major
Bring elbows together, moves elbow up
Flexion, adduction, medial rotation
Latissimus dorsi
moves elbow back
Humerus, extension, adduction, and medial rotation, scapula, depression
Deltoid
Lifts arms at the shoulder
Abduction, flexion, extension, medial and lateral rotation
Supraspinatus
Rotates the elbows outwards as during a tennis swing
Abduction
teres major
Assists the infraspinatus in rotating the elbow outwards
Extension, adduction
Biceps brachii
Performs a bicep curl, also allows palm of hand to point toward body while flexing
Flexion
Supination
Triceps brachii
Extends forearm as during a punch
Extension
Pronator Teres
Turns hand palm-down
Pronation
Supinator
Turns hand palm-up
Supination
Iliacus
Raises the knee at the
Thigh, flexion and lateral rotation
Gluteous maximus
Lowers the knee and moves the thigh back
extension
Gluteus medius
opens the thighs
abduction
Gluteus minimus
brings the thighs back together
abduction
adductor longus
brings the thighs back together
adduction, flexion
Rectus femoris
Moves the lower leg out in front of the body
tibia/fibula, extension
Biceps femoris
moves the back of the lower leg up and back toward the buttocks
Tibialis anterior
Raises the sole of the foot off the ground
dorsiflexoin, inversion
extensor hallucis Longus
Raises the sole of the foot off the ground
foot, dorsfifexion, etension
Gastrocnemius
lowers the sole of the foot to the ground
foot, plantar flexion, tibia/fibula
soleus
lowers the sole of the foot the ground
plantar. flexion
Tibialis posterior
Lowers the sole of the foot to the ground
plantar flexion
flexor digitorum longus
lowers the sole of the foot to the ground
foot, plantar fiextion
flexor hallicis longus
Flexes the big toe
flexion, and iversion, toes
extensor digtorum longus
raises the sole of the foot off the ground
Foot, dorifexion, extension
