Muscles Test 2 Flashcards
What are the medial rotators of the femur?
Tensor Fascia Lata
Gluteus Minimus
Gluteus medius
Tensor Fascia Lata
Nerve: Superior Gluteal N.
Function: Medial rotation of the femur, flexion and abduction of femur and tension of fascia lata
Artery: Mainly lateral circumflex femoral a. and superior gluteal a.
Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: Mainly to iliotibial tract
Gluteus minimus
Nerve: Superior Gluteal N.
Function: MEdial rotation of the femur, abductor of femur
Artery: Superior gluteal artery
Origin: ilium (between anterior and inferior gluteal lines)
Insertion: greater trochanter of gemur
Gluteus medius
Nerve: Superior gluteal n.
Function: Medial rotation of femr, abductor of femur
Artery: Superior gluteal artery
Origin: ilium (between anterior and posterior gluteal line)
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur (lateral surface)
Gluteus Maximus
Nerve: inferior gluteal n.
Function: Lateral rotation and extension of femur (proximal and distal parts of muscle also contribute to abduction and adduction of femur respectively)
Artery: Superior nd inferior gluteal arteries
Origin: Iium (posterior to posterior gluteal line), sacrum, coccyx sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract
Piriformis
Nerve: N. to piriformis (lumbosacral plexus)
Function: Lateral rotation of femur (and abduction of flexed femur)
Artery: Superior and inferior gluteal and lateral sacral arteries
Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum
Insertion: Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur
What are the lateral rotators of the femur?
Superior gemellus
Obturator internus
Inferior gemellus
Quadratus femoris
Also,
Piriformis
Gluteus Maximus
Superior Gemellus
Nerve: N. to obturator internus (lumbosacral plexus)
Function: Lateral rotation of femur
Artery: inferior gluteal a.
Origin: Ischial spine
Insertion: Medial surface of the greater trochanter with the obturator internus
Obturator internus
Nerve: N. too obturator internus (lumbosacral plexus)
Function: Lateral rotation of femur
Artery: Inferior gluteal artery
Origin: internal surface of obturator foramen and membrane
Insertion: lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur
Inferior gemellus
Nerve: N. to quadratus femoris (lumbosacral plexus)
Function: lateral rotation of femur
Artery: inferior gluteal a.
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial surface of the greater trochanter with the Obturator internus tendon
Quadratus femoris
Nerve: N. to quadratus femoris (umbosacral plexus)
Function: Lateral rotation of femur
Artery: inferior gluteal a.
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Intertrochanterisc crest of femur
What are the muscles that make up the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Biceps femoris
Semimembranous
Semitendinous
Biceps Femoris
Nerve: Short head-common fibular branch of sciatic n.
Long head: tibial branch of sciatic n.
Function:
Long head: Extension of the femur and flexion of the leg
Short head: only flexion of the leg
Artery: inferior gluteal, popliteal, and perforating a.
Origin: Ischial tuberosity (long head) and linea aspera (short head)
Insertion: Head of fibula
Semitendenous
Nerve: tibial branch of the sciatic n.
Function: Extension of the femur and flexion of the leg
Artery: Inferior gluteal and perforating a.
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial surface of procimal tibia
Semimembranous
Nerve: tibial branch of the sciatic n.
Function: Extension of the femur and flexion of the leg
Artery: Inferior gluteal and perforating a.
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: posterior surface of medial condyle
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Iliopsoas
Sartorius
Rectus Femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermdius
Vastus medialis
Iliopsoas
Nerve: Femoral n. (iliacus) and also directly from lumbar plexus (psoas major)
Function: flexion of femur
Artery: Medial femoral circumflex a. and iliolumbar a.
Origin: Iliac fossa and vertebrae T12-L5
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur
FUSION OF TWO MUSCLES
(image - part where they fuse)
Sartorius
Nerve: Femoral n.
Function: flexion and lateral rotation of femur; flexion of the leg
Artery: femoral a.
Origin: anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: Proximal medial tibia
Rectus femoris
Nerve: Femoral n.
Function: Extension of the leg; flexion of the femur
Artery: Lateral Circumflex femoral a.
Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion: Patella and then the tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
Vastus lateralis
Nerve: Femoral n.
Function: Extension of the leg
Artery: Lateral Circumflex femoral a.
Origin: Greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, and lateral linea aspera of femur
Insertion: Patella and then tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
Vastus Intermedius
Nerve: Femoral n.
Function: Extension of the leg
Artery: femoral a.
Origin: Lateral and anterior surface of femur
Insertion: Patella and then tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
Vastus Medialis
Nerve: Femoral n.
Function: Extension of the leg
Artery: femoral a.
Origin: medial linea aspea of femur
Insertion: Patella and then tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?
Pectineus
Adductor magnus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Gracilis
Obturator externus
Pectinius
Nerve: Obturator n. and femoral n.
Funciton: Adduction of femur and flexion of femur
Artery: Obturator a.
Origin: Pectineal line of pelvis
Insertion: Pectineal line of femur
Adductor magnus
Nerve: Obturator n. and sciatic n. (tibial branch)
Funciton: Adduction of femur and extension of femur
Artery: deep femoral a.
Origin: Ischiopubic ramus ( adductor head/minimus) and ischial tuberosity (hamstring head(
Insertion: linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur
Adductor longus
Nerve: Obturator n.
Funciton: Adduction of femur
Artery: deep femoral a.
Origin: body of pelvis
Insertion: linea aspera of femur
Adductor brevis
Nerve: Obturator n.
Funciton: Adduction of femur
Artery: deep femoral a.
Origin: body of pelvis
Insertion: pectineal line and linea aspera of femur
Gracilis
Nerve: Obturator n.
Funciton: Adduction of femur and flexion of leg
Artery: medial circumflex femoral a.
Origin: inferior pubic ramus
Insertion: medial proximal tibia
Obturator externus
Nerve: Obturator n.
Funciton: Adduction of femur and lateral rotation of femur
Artery: obturator a.
Origin: External surface of obturator foramen and membrane
Insertion: Trochanteric fossa of femur
What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
Fibularis longus
Nerve: Superficial fibular n.
Fuction: Eversion and flexion (planterflexion) of foot and support of arches
Artery: fibular a.
Origin: Proximal fibula
Insertion: Metatarsal I and cuneiform
Fibularis brevis
Nerve: Superficial fibular n.
Fuction: Eversion and flexion (planterflexion) of foot
Artery: fibular a.
Origin: shaft of fibula
Insertion: tubersoity of metatarsal 5
What are the muscle of the anterior compartment of leg?
fibularis tertius
Extensor digitorium longus
Extensor hallicus longus
Tibialis anteriror
Extensor digitorium brevis
Extensor hallicus brevis
fibularis tertius
Nerve: deep fibular n.
function: extension (dorsiflexion) of foot and eversion of foot
artery: anterior tibial a.
Origin: distal fibula and interosseous membrane
insertion: base of metatarsal 5
Extensor digitorium longus
Nerve: deep fibular n.
function: extension (dorsiflexion) of foot and of (digits 2-5)
artery: anterior tibial a.
Origin: proximal tibia and fibula and interosseous membrane
insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Extensor hallucis longus
Nerve: deep fibular n.
function: extension (dorsiflexion) of foot and digit 1 (big toe)
artery: anterior tibial a.
Origin: fibula and anterior of interosseous membrane
insertion: distal phalanx of digit 1
Tibialis anterior
Nerve: deep fibular n.
function: extension (dorsiflexion) of foot, inversion of foot
artery: anterior tibial a.
Origin: lateral shaft of tibia
insertion: Metatarsal 1 and medial cuneiform
Extensor digitorium brevis
Nerve: deep fibular n.
function: extension (dorsiflexion) of foor and digits 2-4
artery: dorsalis pedis a.
Origin: calcaneus
insertion: extensor expansion of digits 2-4
Extensor hallucis brevis
Nerve: deep fibular n.
function: extension (dorsiflexion) of foot and of digit 1
artery: dorsalis pedis a.
Origin: calcaneus
insertion: Proximal phalanx of digit 1
What are the msucles of the posterior compartment of the leg?
Poplites
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Soleus
Flexor digitorium longus
flexor hallucis longus
Tibialis posterior
Popliteus
Nerve: Tibial n.
Function: Flexion and medial rotation of leg ( if leg is stable - lateral rotation of thigh to unlock the fully locked knee)
Artery: Popliteal a.
Origin: posterior-lateral surface of distal femur
Inseriton: medial posterior surfaace of proximal tibia
Gastrocnemius
Nerve: Tibial n.
Function: Plantar flexion (true flexion) of foot and flexion of the leg
Artery: Sural arteries
Origin: Lateral (lateral head) and medial (medial head) condyles of femur
Inseriton: Calcaneus bone via calcaneal (Achillies tendon)
Plantaris
Nerve: Tibial n.
Function: Plantar flexion (true flexion) of foot and flexion of the leg
Artery: Sural arteries
Origin: LAteral supracondylar ridge of femur
Inseriton: Calcaneus bone via calcaneal (Achillies tendon)
Soleus
Nerve: Tibial n.
Function: Plantar flexion (true flexion) of foot
Artery: Sural arteries
Origin: Proximal fibula and soleal line of tibia
Inseriton: Calcaneus bone via calcaneal (Achillies tendon)
Flexor digitorium longus
Nerve: Tibial n.
Function: Pantar flexion (true flexion) of foot and digits 2-5
Artery: posterior tibial a.
Origin: posterior shaft of tibia
Inseriton: distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Flexor hallicus longus
Nerve: Tibial n.
Function: Pantar flexion (true flexion) of foot and digit 1
Artery: fibular a.
Origin: posterior fibula and interosseous membrane
Inseriton: distal phalanx of digit 1
Tibialis posterior
Nerve: Tibial n.
Function: Plantar flexion (true flexion) of foot and inversion of foot
Artery: postrior tibial a.
Origin: Posterior tibia and fibula and interosseous membrane
Inseriton: Navicular and medial cuneiform
What are the intrinsic muscles of the foot?
Lumbricals 1-4
Abductor hallucis
Flexor hallucis brevis
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Adductor hallucis
Adductor hallicus accessorius
Dorsal interossei 1-4
Plantar interossei 1-3
Flexor digitorium brevis
What are the extrinsic muscles of the foot?
Quadratus plantae muscle
Lumbricals 1, 2, 3, 4
Nerve: Medial plantar n. (lumbrical 1) and lateral plantar n. (lumbrical 2-4)
Funciton: Flexion of proximal and extension of middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Artery: Medial and lateral plantar arteries
Origin: Tendons of flexor digitorium longus
Insertion: Medial extensor expansion of digits 2-5 (middle nad distal phalanges)
Abductor hallucis
Nerve: Medial plantar a.
Function: abduction of proximal phalanx of big toe
Artery: medial plantar a.
Origin: Calcaneus
Inseriton: Base of proximal phalanx of big toe
Flexor hallucis brevis
(medial and lateral head)
Nerve: Medial plantar n.
Function: Flexion of proximal phalanx of big toe
Artery: Meidal plantar and 1st plantar metarsal arteries
Origin: Cuboid and lateral cuneiform
Inseriton: proximal phalanx of big toe
Quadratus Plantae
Nerve: Lateral plantar n.
Function: Helping flexor digitorium longus in flexion of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Artery: Medial and lateral plantar arteries and plantar arch
Origin: Calcaneus
Inseriton: Tendon of flexor digitorium longus
Abductor digiti minimi
Nerve: Lateral plantar n.
Function: Abduction proximal phalanx of digit 5
Artery: Mainly lateral plantar a.
Origin: Calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
Inseriton: Base of proximal phalanx of digit 5
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Nerve: Lateral plantar n.
Function: Flexion of proximal phalanx of digit 5
Artery: Mainly lateral plantar a.
Origin: Base of 5th metatarsal
Inseriton: Base of proximal phalanx of digit 5
Adductor hallucis
(transverse and oblique head)
Nerve: Lateral plantar n.
Function: Adduction of proxximal phalanx
Artery: Mainly lateral plantar a.
Origin: Metatarsal 3 ( onlique head) and metatarsophalangeal ligaments and surrounding structures (transverse head)
Inseriton: Proximal phalanx of big toe
Adductor hallucis accessorius
Nerve: LAteral plantar n.
Function: weak adduction and/or flexion of proximal phalanx of big toe
Artery: Mainly lateral plantar a.
Origin: Often base of metatarsal 1
Inseriton: Base of proximal phalanx of big toe and surrounding structures
Dorsal Interossei 1, 2, 3, 4
Nerve: Lateral plantar n.
Function: Adduct digit 2 on medial side and digits 2-4 to lateral side respectively
Artery: Lateral tarsal , medial tarsal, plantar, dorsal metatarsal, and dorsal digital arteries
Origin: Metatarsal 1-5
Inseriton: Medial side of proximal phalanx of digit 2 and lateral side of proximal phalanx digit 2-4
Plantar interossei 1, 2, 3
Nerve: Lateral plantar n.
Function: Adduct digits 3,4, and 5 to medial side
Artery: Lateral tarsal , medial tarsal, plantar, dorsal metatarsal, and dorsal digital arteries
Origin: Metatarsal 3-5
Inseriton: Medial side of proximal phalanx of digits 3-5
Flexor digitorium brevis
Nerve: Medial plantar n.
Function: Flexion of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
Artery: Medial and lateral lplantar arteries
Origin: Calcaneus
Insertio: Middle phalanges of digits 2-5
