Mini- Case Review Flashcards
Which nerves are affected in Upper brachial plexus syndrome?
Axillary Nerve (Sensory loss limited to skin over the deltoid)
Musculocutaneous (Forearm is extended and pronated due to loss of function of biceps)
Suprascapular nerve
Axillary n. injury due to…
- Fracture of surgical neck of humerus
- (Anterior) Inferior dislocation of humerus
- Crutch palsy – compression from incorrect uses of crutches
How can you test deltoid function?
Test deltoid function by asking the patient to abduct arm against resistance. Compare sites.
What are the cardinal features of radial nerve palsy?
Wrist drop
Inability to extend fingers at metacarpophalangeal joints
Supinator weakness
Triceps Spared
Superficial radial n. is____________ (sensory/ motor) and originates from radial n. in ________ region. Deep radial n. passes through supinator and becomes ___________.
sensory; elbow; posterior interosseus n.
What are the cardinal features of posterior interosseous syndrome?
Inability to extend fingers at metacarpophalangeal joints
No wrist drop
Sensation normal
What are possible causes of posterior interosseous syndrome?
Entrapment of nerve at arcade of Frohse - could be due to hypertrophy of supinator muscle
What are the cardinal features of pronator teres syndrome?
Pain in forearm
Weakness in hand grip
“Benediction attitude”
Hand numbness and parasthesias in median nerve distribution
What are possible causes of pronator teres syndrome?
Entrapment of median n. when passing between the two heads of pronator teres or when passing through the muscle itself.
What are the cardinal features of anterior interosseous syndrome?
Abnomal “pinch attitude” of the hand due to weakness in two muscles
Sensation normal
What are the possible causes of anerior interosseous syndrome?
Nerve can get entrapped within pronator teres just after originating from median nerve.
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
a condition that involves pressure or stretching of the ulnar nerve (also known as the “funny bone” nerve), which can cause numbness or tingling in the ring and small fingers, pain in the forearm, and/or weakness in the hand.
Guyon’s Tunnel Syndrome Type 1
caused by entrapment of the ulnar nerve in the Guyon canal as it passes through the wrist. Symptoms usually begin with a feeling of pins and needles in the ring and little fingers before progressing to a loss of sensation and/or impaired motor function of the intrinsic muscles of the hand which are innervated by the ulnar nerve.
ALMOST ALL OF THE MOTOR AND SENSORY BRANCHES OF THE HAND ARE AFFECTED
Guyon’s Tunnel Syndrome Type 2
Deep motor branch of ulnar nerve entrapped inside Guyon’s tunnel
Sensation is spared
Guyon’s Tunnel Syndrome Type 3
Superficial sensory branch of ulnar nerve entrapped at distal end of Guyon’s tunnel
The dorsal cutaneous and deep motor branches are spared
