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S&F 1 > Arm > Flashcards

Arm Flashcards

1
Q

Flexion and extension of the arm is done by what?

A

Elbow joint

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2
Q

Can you really extend the arm from anatomical position?

A

No , olecron process stops you

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3
Q

Which two bones have proximal heads?

A

Humerus and Ulna All other heads on bones are distal

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4
Q

how many movements can you do with the arm?

A

4

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5
Q

Which two joints are in the synovial cavity of the arm?

A

Elbow joint

Radioulnar joint

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6
Q

Muscles on the anterior side of the arm

A

Coracobrachialis

Biceps Brachii

Brachialis

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7
Q

Coracobrachialis (oblique muscle)

A

Origin: corociod process of the scapula process

Innervation: Musculocutaneous

Function: flex and suppinate forearm. adduct the arm at the shoulder joint;

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8
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

Origin: Short head - coracoid process of scapula; long head - superglenoid process of shoulder

Function: flex and supinate the forearm

Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve

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9
Q

Opposer of Biceps Brachii

A

Bicipital aponeurosis

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10
Q

Brachialis

A

Origin: humerus

Insertion: Ulnar

Function: Flex and supinate the forearm

Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve

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11
Q

Triceps Brachii (only posterior arm muscle)

A

Origin: Long head - shoulder/scapula Lateral and medial head - humerus Insertion: Electron process of the ulna

Function: extend the forearm. Long head can do a small extension of the arm

Innervation: radial nerve.

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12
Q

Which head of the triceps cross only one joint?

A

Lateral and medial (comes from humerus so only cross the elbow joint, the long head crosses the shoulder joint too)

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13
Q

Parts of the Humerus

A

Medial Epicondlye (bigger and more lateral)

Coronoid fossa (seen anteriorly)

Lateral Epicondyle

Capitulum - articulates with the head of the radius

Trochlea - articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna

Olecron fossa (seen posteriorly) - articulates with olecron process on ulna

Spiral Groove - where radial nerve runs (posteriorly)

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14
Q

Which nerve is at more risk of injury by a fracture of the midshaft of the humerus?

A

Radial nerve

Major nerve of the upper limb

In the spiral groove and runs posteriorly

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15
Q

Which nerve is most at risk of injury by a fracture of the medial epicondyle of the humerus?

A

The ulnar nerve

Major nerve of the upper limb

runs anteriorly, goes posteriorly over the medial epicondyle of the humerus and then comes back anteriorly

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16
Q

Parts of the Radius

A

This bone is lateral

Head (proximal) - articulates with the radial notch of the ulna

Neck (proximal)

Radial Tuberosity

Oblique line (anterior)

Anterior Border/Surface

Ulnar notch (medial)

styloid process (lateral)

17
Q

Torus fracture of distal radius

A

Bulking of cortical bone in distal radius

18
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

Fracture of the midshaft of the radius

Fracture of the cortical bone on the lateral side of the shaft of the radius

Cortical Bone bent on medial side of the shaft of the radius

19
Q

Colles’ Fracture

A

Fall on the hand in which the distal end of the radius is forced posteriorly and angulated

20
Q

Parts of the ulna

A

This bone is medial

Olecron process

Trochlear notch

Radial Notch (Recieves the head of the humerus)

Tuberosity of Ulna

Anterior surface

Styloid process

Head is distal

21
Q

What is the proximal radialulnar joint?

A

Articulation of the head of the radius with the radia notch of the ulna

22
Q

What does the annular ligament do?

A

It is attached to the radial notch of the ulna posteriorly and anteriorlyas well as holds the radius in place

Head of the Radius not attached but suspended within the ligament

23
Q

What is the distal radial ulnar joint?

A

An articular disc that connects to the stylodid process of the ulna and the ulna notch of the radius. Allows the head of ulna to articulate with the ulnar notch.

24
Q

Supinaiton and pronation of the forearm is allowed by which joints?

A

The proximal and distal radialulnar joints

25
Q

When a person is in anatomical postion is the forearm supinated or pronated?

A

Fully supinated

26
Q

During pronation/supination which bones move mainly?

A

The radius uses the joint to cross over while the ulna stays in place

27
Q

What is an injury that most commonly occurs in children?

A

Pulled elbow

28
Q

What causes a pulled elbow?

A

Distal pull on upper limb while arm is extended and protonated resuts in a distal pull on the head of the radius away from the capitilum of the humerus.

29
Q

What are the two things that can happen when the elbow is pulled?

A
  1. transverse tear in the annular ligament - upper part of the annular ligament slides up and partially pver the upper surface of the head of the radius
  2. A partial dislocation, subluxation - pulling of the head of the radius away from the capitilum
30
Q

What are the results of a pulled elbow?

A

Annular ligament becomes pinched between capitulum and head of the radius

31
Q

Child presents with a flexed, pronated forarm supported closely to the trunk of the body. He/she complains of pain around the head of the humerus.

What is the diagnosis?

A

Pulled Elbow

after rulling out fractures and dislocations

32
Q

How do you reduce a pulled elbow?

A

stabilize the childs elbow and palpate the head of the radius with one hand and then slowly, but firmly, supinating and flesing the child’s forarm with the other hand

33
Q

Why is it important to not only look at a lateral radiograph of the elbow when looking for a pulled elbow?

A

Lateral radiograph will not show any displacement of the head of the radius because, with a pulled elbow, it is the upper part of the annular ligament and not the head of the radius that is displaced at the time

34
Q

Beside the radioulnar joint, what other joint holds the radius and ulnar together?

A

Interosseous membrane of the forearm

35
Q

What are the layers of the arm?

A

Skin

Superficial fascia

Fat

Deep fascia

Muscle

Intermuscular septum

36
Q

Biceps Brachii Reflex test

A

Assesses spinal cord reflex activity in the C5 and C6 spinal cord segment levels

37
Q

flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint is mainly controled by which nerve fibers?

A

C6

Because the biceps brachi and brachialis (major flexors of the forearm)

Each recieve innervation from C5 and C6 nerve fibers

38
Q

Triceps Brachi Reflex test

A

Asses spinal cord activity in the C7 and C8 spinal cord segment levels

This shows extension of the forearm

39
Q

Erb’s Palsy

A

severe injury of the C5 and C6 roots, upper trunk, or the division of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus

mainly caused by upper brachial plexus injury - excessive traction on th eupper plexus

S&F 1 (25 decks)

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