Arm

Question 1

Flexion and extension of the arm is done by what?

Answer 1

Elbow joint

Question 2

Can you really extend the arm from anatomical position?

Answer 2

No , olecron process stops you

Question 3

Which two bones have proximal heads?

Answer 3

Humerus and Ulna All other heads on bones are distal

Question 4

how many movements can you do with the arm?

Answer 4

4

Question 5

Which two joints are in the synovial cavity of the arm?

Answer 5

Elbow joint

Radioulnar joint

Question 6

Muscles on the anterior side of the arm

Answer 6

Coracobrachialis

Biceps Brachii

Brachialis

Question 7

Coracobrachialis (oblique muscle)

Answer 7

Origin: corociod process of the scapula process

Innervation: Musculocutaneous

Function: flex and suppinate forearm. adduct the arm at the shoulder joint;

Question 8

Biceps Brachii

Answer 8

Origin: Short head - coracoid process of scapula; long head - superglenoid process of shoulder

Function: flex and supinate the forearm

Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve

Question 9

Opposer of Biceps Brachii

Answer 9

Bicipital aponeurosis

Question 10

Brachialis

Answer 10

Origin: humerus

Insertion: Ulnar

Function: Flex and supinate the forearm

Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve

Question 11

Triceps Brachii (only posterior arm muscle)

Answer 11

Origin: Long head - shoulder/scapula Lateral and medial head - humerus Insertion: Electron process of the ulna

Function: extend the forearm. Long head can do a small extension of the arm

Innervation: radial nerve.

Question 12

Which head of the triceps cross only one joint?

Answer 12

Lateral and medial (comes from humerus so only cross the elbow joint, the long head crosses the shoulder joint too)

Question 13

Parts of the Humerus

Answer 13

Medial Epicondlye (bigger and more lateral)

Coronoid fossa (seen anteriorly)

Lateral Epicondyle

Capitulum - articulates with the head of the radius

Trochlea - articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna

Olecron fossa (seen posteriorly) - articulates with olecron process on ulna

Spiral Groove - where radial nerve runs (posteriorly)

Question 14

Which nerve is at more risk of injury by a fracture of the midshaft of the humerus?

Answer 14

Radial nerve

Major nerve of the upper limb

In the spiral groove and runs posteriorly

Question 15

Which nerve is most at risk of injury by a fracture of the medial epicondyle of the humerus?

Answer 15

The ulnar nerve

Major nerve of the upper limb

runs anteriorly, goes posteriorly over the medial epicondyle of the humerus and then comes back anteriorly

Question 16

Parts of the Radius

Answer 16

This bone is lateral

Head (proximal) - articulates with the radial notch of the ulna

Neck (proximal)

Radial Tuberosity

Oblique line (anterior)

Anterior Border/Surface

Ulnar notch (medial)

styloid process (lateral)

Question 17

Torus fracture of distal radius

Answer 17

Bulking of cortical bone in distal radius

Question 18

Greenstick fracture

Answer 18

Fracture of the midshaft of the radius

Fracture of the cortical bone on the lateral side of the shaft of the radius

Cortical Bone bent on medial side of the shaft of the radius

Question 19

Colles’ Fracture

Answer 19

Fall on the hand in which the distal end of the radius is forced posteriorly and angulated

Question 20

Parts of the ulna

Answer 20

This bone is medial

Olecron process

Trochlear notch

Radial Notch (Recieves the head of the humerus)

Tuberosity of Ulna

Anterior surface

Styloid process

Head is distal

Question 21

What is the proximal radialulnar joint?

Answer 21

Articulation of the head of the radius with the radia notch of the ulna

Question 22

What does the annular ligament do?

Answer 22

It is attached to the radial notch of the ulna posteriorly and anteriorlyas well as holds the radius in place

Head of the Radius not attached but suspended within the ligament

Question 23

What is the distal radial ulnar joint?

Answer 23

An articular disc that connects to the stylodid process of the ulna and the ulna notch of the radius. Allows the head of ulna to articulate with the ulnar notch.

Question 24

Supinaiton and pronation of the forearm is allowed by which joints?

Answer 24

The proximal and distal radialulnar joints

Question 25

When a person is in anatomical postion is the forearm supinated or pronated?

Answer 25

Fully supinated

Question 26

During pronation/supination which bones move mainly?

Answer 26

The radius uses the joint to cross over while the ulna stays in place

Question 27

What is an injury that most commonly occurs in children?

Answer 27

Pulled elbow

Question 28

What causes a pulled elbow?

Answer 28

Distal pull on upper limb while arm is extended and protonated resuts in a distal pull on the head of the radius away from the capitilum of the humerus.

Question 29

What are the two things that can happen when the elbow is pulled?

Answer 29

1. transverse tear in the annular ligament - upper part of the annular ligament slides up and partially pver the upper surface of the head of the radius 2. A partial dislocation, subluxation - pulling of the head of the radius away from the capitilum

Question 30

What are the results of a pulled elbow?

Answer 30

Annular ligament becomes pinched between capitulum and head of the radius

Question 31

Child presents with a flexed, pronated forarm supported closely to the trunk of the body. He/she complains of pain around the head of the humerus. What is the diagnosis?

Answer 31

Pulled Elbow after rulling out fractures and dislocations

Question 32

How do you reduce a pulled elbow?

Answer 32

stabilize the childs elbow and palpate the head of the radius with one hand and then slowly, but firmly, supinating and flesing the child's forarm with the other hand

Question 33

Why is it important to not only look at a lateral radiograph of the elbow when looking for a pulled elbow?

Answer 33

Lateral radiograph will not show any displacement of the head of the radius because, with a pulled elbow, it is the upper part of the annular ligament and not the head of the radius that is displaced at the time

Question 34

Beside the radioulnar joint, what other joint holds the radius and ulnar together?

Answer 34

Interosseous membrane of the forearm

Question 35

What are the layers of the arm?

Answer 35

Skin Superficial fascia Fat Deep fascia Muscle Intermuscular septum

Question 36

Biceps Brachii Reflex test

Answer 36

Assesses spinal cord reflex activity in the C5 and C6 spinal cord segment levels

Question 37

flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint is mainly controled by which nerve fibers?

Answer 37

C6 Because the biceps brachi and brachialis (major flexors of the forearm) Each recieve innervation from C5 and C6 nerve fibers

Question 38

Triceps Brachi Reflex test

Answer 38

Asses spinal cord activity in the C7 and C8 spinal cord segment levels This shows extension of the forearm

Question 39

Erb's Palsy

Answer 39

severe injury of the C5 and C6 roots, upper trunk, or the division of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus mainly caused by upper brachial plexus injury - excessive traction on th eupper plexus