Muscles of the Neck and Throat Flashcards
Constrictor - outter circular layer around the pharnx
function
constrict portions of the pharnx to force food down the esophagus
- tube that runs from the outter ear to nasal cavity (Eustachian tube)
- the tube allows you to equibrate pressure in the ear to the outside enviroment
- pressure in the ear is used to give us a sense of balnce and lets us know how level we are
- swallowing opens the tube (the tube is surrounded by the pharengial muscles) there is a pressure equilbribriation each time we swallow
- close off the nasal pharnyx (the portion of the throat behind the nasal cavity)- stops food and drink from going out the nose
where does the stylopharnegeous originate?
the styloprocess
where does the Palatopharyngeus orininate?
the soft palet of the mouth
Stylopharyngeus is inervated by which nerve?
Glossopharyngeal
- cranial nerve IX
- senory nerve
- inervates taste buds
where does the Glossopharyngeal nerve exist the cranium?
the jugular formen
which nerve inervates all of the muscles of the throat except the Stylopharyngeus?
the vagus nerve
-exits out of the jugular foramen
which muscles make up the outter circular muscles?
- the superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles
the vagus nerve is involved in what?
-gag reflex
which muscles make up the inner longitudinal muscles?
- Stylopharyngeus
- Palatopharyngeus
Larnyx is where?
protected by thyroid cartilage (protecting)
- adam’s apple
- thyroid glad is right under
Larynx is what?
an area where the vocal coards are housed
what are the muscles about the hyoid called?
the suprahyoid muscles
what are the muscles below the hyoid called?
infrahyoid muscles
SCM originates where?
- medial clavical
- manubrium of the sternum
- two headed muscle
where does the SCM insert?
the mastoid process
which muscle sperates the anterior neck from the posterior neck?
the SCM
SCM fuction
- contraction of one side - cause rotation of the head to the opposite side
- contraction of both - forward flexion of the head, looking down toward the ground
SCM is inervated by?
-the assesory nerve
CN XII
-through jugular formen
Geniohyoid runs from?
the hyoid to the inner chin (mandible)
Myohyoid (assists with Geniohyoid) runs where?
- expands inner chin (resembles a mill?)
- attches to the hyoid
Digastric (two bellies, anterior and posterior)
anterior- to the inner side of the chin
only attched to the hyoid through a styrup, moves back toward to the mastoid process of the temporal bone
why two bellied system? (digrastic)
-allows for more leverage when lifting the hyoid
stylohyoid runs from?
the styloprocess of the temporal bone and inserts onto the hyoid
what is the function to the hyoid muscles?
- raise the hyoid
- therefore raise the larnyx
- larynx houses the vocal cords which is the entatence into the respirator passage way
- “wind pipe” or trachea
- when we swallow we raise the larynx up against the epiglotis (elastic catalage, bend over larynx)
- food therefore cannot enter into the respiatory passageway and is forced into the esophages
what else do the suprahyoid muscles do?
- depress the jaw
- lowers the jaw when we speak or chewing
infrahyroid muscle functions
- bring the larynx back down (after finished swallowing)
- if when havent risen the larynx (the suprahyoid muscles havent contracted, we havent swallowed) if the infrahyoid mucsles contract the larynx doesnt lower further, it stays there so that if we stimulate the intrahoid and suprahyoid muscles at the same time we have a lowing of the jaw
- relax infra hyoid muscles, closes the jaw, and contract the suprahyoid muscles you have an elivation of the hyiod
both supra and infra hyoid
- work together to move the hyoid during swallowing
- also work together to open the mouth so we can speak and chew (try to swallow with your mouth open)- the only way you can lower the jaw is through the contraction of infrahoid muscles, the only way you can raise the larynx via the hyoid is relax the infrahyoid muscles and close the jaw
the origin of the scalene
the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae
the insertion of the scalene
the first and second ribs (anterior and medial to the 1st, posterior to teh second)
function of the scalene
- flex the neck toward the ground
- elivate the fist and second rib to increase lung capacity while breathing
inervation of the scalene
cerviacl roots
SCM inervations
Acessory nerve, CN XI
SCM origins
- manubrium of the sternum
- medial third of the clavical
SCM insertion
mastoid process
SCM function
- flexes neck (with scalene)
- turns the neck to the ooposite side that is contracted
- land mark- boarders the anterior and posterior compartments
Spinous Capitis origin
-the spinous processes of the upper thorax, lower cervical region
insertion of the spinous capitus
the astoid process
insertion of the spinous cervicis
the transverse processes of the cervical region (bends the spinous capitus)
origin of the spinous cervicus
-spinous process of the higher portion of the thoracic region
inervation for both cervicuc and capitus
cervical roots
function of both capitus and cerivcal
extension of the head and neck
