Muscles of the Neck and Throat

Question 1

Constrictor - outter circular layer around the pharnx

function

Answer 1

constrict portions of the pharnx to force food down the esophagus

• tube that runs from the outter ear to nasal cavity (Eustachian tube)
• the tube allows you to equibrate pressure in the ear to the outside enviroment
• pressure in the ear is used to give us a sense of balnce and lets us know how level we are
• swallowing opens the tube (the tube is surrounded by the pharengial muscles) there is a pressure equilbribriation each time we swallow
• close off the nasal pharnyx (the portion of the throat behind the nasal cavity)- stops food and drink from going out the nose

Question 2

where does the stylopharnegeous originate?

Answer 2

the styloprocess

Question 3

where does the Palatopharyngeus orininate?

Answer 3

the soft palet of the mouth

Question 4

Stylopharyngeus is inervated by which nerve?

Answer 4

Glossopharyngeal

• cranial nerve IX
• senory nerve
• inervates taste buds

Question 5

where does the Glossopharyngeal nerve exist the cranium?

Answer 5

the jugular formen

Question 6

which nerve inervates all of the muscles of the throat except the Stylopharyngeus?

Answer 6

the vagus nerve

-exits out of the jugular foramen

Question 7

which muscles make up the outter circular muscles?

Answer 7

• the superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles

Question 8

the vagus nerve is involved in what?

Answer 8

-gag reflex

Question 9

which muscles make up the inner longitudinal muscles?

Answer 9

• Stylopharyngeus

- Palatopharyngeus

Question 10

Larnyx is where?

Answer 10

protected by thyroid cartilage (protecting)

• adam’s apple
• thyroid glad is right under

Question 11

Larynx is what?

Answer 11

an area where the vocal coards are housed

Question 12

what are the muscles about the hyoid called?

Answer 12

the suprahyoid muscles

Question 13

what are the muscles below the hyoid called?

Answer 13

infrahyoid muscles

Question 14

SCM originates where?

Answer 14

• medial clavical
• manubrium of the sternum
• two headed muscle

Question 15

where does the SCM insert?

Answer 15

the mastoid process

Question 16

which muscle sperates the anterior neck from the posterior neck?

Answer 16

the SCM

Question 17

SCM fuction

Answer 17

• contraction of one side - cause rotation of the head to the opposite side
• contraction of both - forward flexion of the head, looking down toward the ground

Question 18

SCM is inervated by?

Answer 18

-the assesory nerve
CN XII
-through jugular formen

Question 19

Geniohyoid runs from?

Answer 19

the hyoid to the inner chin (mandible)

Question 20

Myohyoid (assists with Geniohyoid) runs where?

Answer 20

• expands inner chin (resembles a mill?)

- attches to the hyoid

Question 21

Digastric (two bellies, anterior and posterior)

Answer 21

anterior- to the inner side of the chin

only attched to the hyoid through a styrup, moves back toward to the mastoid process of the temporal bone

Question 22

why two bellied system? (digrastic)

Answer 22

-allows for more leverage when lifting the hyoid

Question 23

stylohyoid runs from?

Answer 23

the styloprocess of the temporal bone and inserts onto the hyoid

Question 24

what is the function to the hyoid muscles?

Answer 24

• raise the hyoid
• therefore raise the larnyx
• larynx houses the vocal cords which is the entatence into the respirator passage way
• “wind pipe” or trachea
• when we swallow we raise the larynx up against the epiglotis (elastic catalage, bend over larynx)
• food therefore cannot enter into the respiatory passageway and is forced into the esophages

Question 25

what else do the suprahyoid muscles do?

Answer 25

• depress the jaw

- lowers the jaw when we speak or chewing

Question 26

infrahyroid muscle functions

Answer 26

• bring the larynx back down (after finished swallowing)
• if when havent risen the larynx (the suprahyoid muscles havent contracted, we havent swallowed) if the infrahyoid mucsles contract the larynx doesnt lower further, it stays there so that if we stimulate the intrahoid and suprahyoid muscles at the same time we have a lowing of the jaw
• relax infra hyoid muscles, closes the jaw, and contract the suprahyoid muscles you have an elivation of the hyiod

Question 27

both supra and infra hyoid

Answer 27

• work together to move the hyoid during swallowing
• also work together to open the mouth so we can speak and chew (try to swallow with your mouth open)- the only way you can lower the jaw is through the contraction of infrahoid muscles, the only way you can raise the larynx via the hyoid is relax the infrahyoid muscles and close the jaw

Question 28

the origin of the scalene

Answer 28

the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae

Question 29

the insertion of the scalene

Answer 29

the first and second ribs (anterior and medial to the 1st, posterior to teh second)

Question 30

function of the scalene

Answer 30

• flex the neck toward the ground

- elivate the fist and second rib to increase lung capacity while breathing

Question 31

inervation of the scalene

Answer 31

cerviacl roots

Question 32

SCM inervations

Answer 32

Acessory nerve, CN XI

Question 33

SCM origins

Answer 33

• manubrium of the sternum

- medial third of the clavical

Question 34

SCM insertion

Answer 34

mastoid process

Question 35

SCM function

Answer 35

• flexes neck (with scalene)
• turns the neck to the ooposite side that is contracted
• land mark- boarders the anterior and posterior compartments

Question 36

Spinous Capitis origin

Answer 36

-the spinous processes of the upper thorax, lower cervical region

Question 37

insertion of the spinous capitus

Answer 37

the astoid process

Question 38

insertion of the spinous cervicis

Answer 38

the transverse processes of the cervical region (bends the spinous capitus)

Question 39

origin of the spinous cervicus

Answer 39

-spinous process of the higher portion of the thoracic region

Question 40

inervation for both cervicuc and capitus

Answer 40

cervical roots

Question 41

function of both capitus and cerivcal

Answer 41

extension of the head and neck