Chapter 3: Tissues Flashcards
Function of nervous tissue
- exhibits sensitivity to stimuli
- converts sensitivity to nerve impulses
- conducts nerve impulses to other neurons, muscle fibres, glands
neurons
- generate and conduct electrical impulses over large distances
- longest cells in the body
neroganlia
-supporting cells that nourish, insulate, support and protect the neurons
4 types of tissues
- nervous
- epithelial
- connective
- muscle
muscle tissue composition
-elongated cells (muscle fibres or myocytes)
muscle fibre function
- motion
- posture
- heat
- protection
three types of muscle tissues
- skeletal
- cardiac
- smooth
skeletal muscle
- movement and support
cardiac
- create blood pressure
smooth
- autonomic slave
- lines organs such as intestines
- not striated
difference between cardiac and skeletal muscle?
skeletal is voluntary
cardiac is involuntary
tissue
group of cells with a similar structure and function
true or false? one surface layer of epithelial is always supported by a layer of connective tissue
true
epithelial cells
- rapid cell division
- avascular
- innervated
- asymmetrical
epithelial cells whose cells are flattened, allowing for easy movement of substance
squamous
epithelial arranged in a single layer is refereed to as
simple
what type of epithelial cells are specifically designed for secretion and absorption?
simple cuboidial
function of epithelia
- covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs, body cavities and ducts
- forms glands
- allows the body to interact with both the internal and external environment
simple
- single layer of cells
- functions in diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion, or absorption
ground substance
- fluid, semi fluid, gelatinous, or calcified component of connective tissue between cells and fibres
- also called interfibllar extracellular matrix
Pseudostratified epithelium
-a simple epithelium because all its cells rest on the basement membrane.
Stratified (multilaminar) epithelium
-consists of two or more layers of cells that protect underlying tissues in locations where there is considerable wear and tear
Squamous cells
are thin, which allows for the rapid passage of substances through them
Cuboidal
cells are as tall as they are wide and are shaped like cubes
-often specialized for secretion and absorption
columnar
cells are much taller than they are wide, like columns, and protect underlying tissues
What is the name of the fluid, gelatinous, or calcified material located between the cells and fibers in connective tissue?
ground substance
Adipose tissue (fat) is what type of connective tissue?
dense connective tissue
connective tissue
- most abundant tissue
- binds and supports
- composed of relatively few cells in a generous matrix (the ground substance and fibres between cells)
connective tissue proper (2)
- lose
2. dense
lose
-widely spread cells, lots of ground substance
-
lose(3)
- areolar
- adipose
- reticular
areolar
- packing material of the body (found in nearly every structure of the body)
- strength
- elasticity
- support
adipose function
- Reduces heat loss through skin,
- serves as an energy reserve,
- supports and protects organs.
adipose location
- wherever areolar connective tissue is located.
- Subcutaneous layer deep to skin,
- around heart and kidneys,
- yellow bone marrow,
- padding around joints and behind eyeball in eye socket
reticular function
Forms stroma of organs;
-binds together smooth muscle tissue cells; -filters and removes worn‐out blood cells in the spleen and microbes in lymph nodes
reticular location
- Stroma (supporting framework) of liver, spleen, lymph nodes; red bone marrow, which gives rise to blood cells;
- reticular lamina of the basement membrane;
- around blood vessels and muscles
dense(3)
- regular
- irregular
- elastic
regular function
Provides strong attachment between various structures. The tissue structure withstands pulling (tension) along the long axis of the fibers
regular location
- tendons (attach muscle to bone),
- most ligaments (attach bone to bone),
- aponeuroses (sheetlike tendons that attach muscle to muscle or muscle to bone)
irregular
- Provides tensile (pulling) strength in many directions
- densely packed collagen
elastic
- strength and elasticity
- located in the lungs, vocal cord, ligaments between Vertebrata
specialized connective tissue (3)
- cartilage
- bone
- blood
cartilage
-supportive
-contains cells and a firm matrix
-surrpunded by a layer of dense irregular conective tissue called PERICHONDRIUM
which supplies blood and nerves
types of cartiage (3)
- hyaline
- firbrocartiage
- elastic
hyaline locations
- Most abundant cartilage in the body,
- ends of long bones,
- anterior ends of ribs,
- nose, parts of larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchial tubes,
- embryonic and fetal skeleton
hyaline function
- Provides smooth surfaces for movement at joints,
- flexibility and support.
- weakest of the three types of cartilage
Fibrocartilage functions
- Support and joining structures together. -With a combination of strength and rigidity, this tissue is the strongest of the three types of cartilage.
- avascular
fibrocartilage locations
- Pubic symphysis (point where hip bones join anteriorly),
- intervertebral discs (discs between vertebrae),
- menisci (cartilage pads) of knee,
- portions of tendons that insert into cartilage
elastic functions
Provides strength and elasticity and maintains shape of certain structures
elastic locations
- Lid on top of larynx (epiglottis),
- part of external ear (auricle),
- auditory (eustachian) tubes
bone
- lots of collagen (structural integrity)
- calcium salts that form an incompressible matrix
osteoblasts
- immature bone
- secreate collagen into the matrix where calcium salts precipate forming ahardening matrix
osteocytes
-mature bone
-inhibit cavities(lucunea) within the harden matrix
-
luncunae
-small spaces between lamellae that contain mature bone (osteocytes)
lamellea
connective rings of extracellular matrix that consist of mineral salts, which give the bone its hardness and compreesive strength
blood
- MESENCHYME (embyotic origin)
- blood is surrounded by a non living tissue matrix called plasma
nervous tissue function
- exibits sestivity to various stimuli
- converts stimuli into nerve inpulse
- conducts nerve inpulses to other neurons, muscle fibres, glands
nearuons
- highly specailized
- generate and conduct elecrical impulses over long distance
- longest cells in the body
neroganglia
-supporting cells that nourish, insulate, and protect the neuron
the two layers of a basement membrane are:
- basal lamina
- reticular lamina
Mesenchyme is:
the embryonic connective tissue from which almost all other connective tissues arise.
The connective tissue best designed to resist pulling forces in various directions is:
dense irregular connective tissue.
The three types of fibers that strengthen and support the extracellular matrix of connective tissues are
collagen
elastic
reticular
Hollow organs belonging to systems that do not open to the outside of the body are lined with a ________ membrane.
serous
The connective tissue layer of a mucous membrane is called the ________.
lamina propia
forms fasciae and dermis of skin
dense irregular connective tissue
has cells that are specialized for triglyceride storage
adipose tissue
