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Anatomy > Chapter 3: Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Function of nervous tissue

A
  • exhibits sensitivity to stimuli
  • converts sensitivity to nerve impulses
  • conducts nerve impulses to other neurons, muscle fibres, glands
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2
Q

neurons

A
  • generate and conduct electrical impulses over large distances
  • longest cells in the body
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3
Q

neroganlia

A

-supporting cells that nourish, insulate, support and protect the neurons

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4
Q

4 types of tissues

A
  1. nervous
  2. epithelial
  3. connective
  4. muscle
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5
Q

muscle tissue composition

A

-elongated cells (muscle fibres or myocytes)

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6
Q

muscle fibre function

A
  • motion
  • posture
  • heat
  • protection
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7
Q

three types of muscle tissues

A
  1. skeletal
  2. cardiac
  3. smooth
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8
Q

skeletal muscle

A
  • movement and support
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9
Q

cardiac

A
  • create blood pressure
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10
Q

smooth

A
  • autonomic slave
  • lines organs such as intestines
  • not striated
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11
Q

difference between cardiac and skeletal muscle?

A

skeletal is voluntary

cardiac is involuntary

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12
Q

tissue

A

group of cells with a similar structure and function

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13
Q

true or false? one surface layer of epithelial is always supported by a layer of connective tissue

A

true

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14
Q

epithelial cells

A
  • rapid cell division
  • avascular
  • innervated
  • asymmetrical
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15
Q

epithelial cells whose cells are flattened, allowing for easy movement of substance

A

squamous

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16
Q

epithelial arranged in a single layer is refereed to as

A

simple

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17
Q

what type of epithelial cells are specifically designed for secretion and absorption?

A

simple cuboidial

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18
Q

function of epithelia

A
  • covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs, body cavities and ducts
  • forms glands
  • allows the body to interact with both the internal and external environment
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19
Q

simple

A
  • single layer of cells

- functions in diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion, or absorption

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20
Q

ground substance

A
  • fluid, semi fluid, gelatinous, or calcified component of connective tissue between cells and fibres
  • also called interfibllar extracellular matrix
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21
Q

Pseudostratified epithelium

A

-a simple epithelium because all its cells rest on the basement membrane.

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22
Q

Stratified (multilaminar) epithelium

A

-consists of two or more layers of cells that protect underlying tissues in locations where there is considerable wear and tear

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23
Q

Squamous cells

A

are thin, which allows for the rapid passage of substances through them

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24
Q

Cuboidal

A

cells are as tall as they are wide and are shaped like cubes

-often specialized for secretion and absorption

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25
Q

columnar

A

cells are much taller than they are wide, like columns, and protect underlying tissues

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26
Q

What is the name of the fluid, gelatinous, or calcified material located between the cells and fibers in connective tissue?

A

ground substance

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27
Q

Adipose tissue (fat) is what type of connective tissue?

A

dense connective tissue

28
Q

connective tissue

A
  • most abundant tissue
  • binds and supports
  • composed of relatively few cells in a generous matrix (the ground substance and fibres between cells)
29
Q

connective tissue proper (2)

A
  1. lose

2. dense

30
Q

lose

A

-widely spread cells, lots of ground substance

-

31
Q

lose(3)

A
  1. areolar
  2. adipose
  3. reticular
32
Q

areolar

A
  • packing material of the body (found in nearly every structure of the body)
  • strength
  • elasticity
  • support
33
Q

adipose function

A
  • Reduces heat loss through skin,
  • serves as an energy reserve,
  • supports and protects organs.
34
Q

adipose location

A
  • wherever areolar connective tissue is located.
  • Subcutaneous layer deep to skin,
  • around heart and kidneys,
  • yellow bone marrow,
  • padding around joints and behind eyeball in eye socket
35
Q

reticular function

A

Forms stroma of organs;
-binds together smooth muscle tissue cells; -filters and removes worn‐out blood cells in the spleen and microbes in lymph nodes

36
Q

reticular location

A
  • Stroma (supporting framework) of liver, spleen, lymph nodes; red bone marrow, which gives rise to blood cells;
  • reticular lamina of the basement membrane;
  • around blood vessels and muscles
37
Q

dense(3)

A
  1. regular
  2. irregular
  3. elastic
38
Q

regular function

A

Provides strong attachment between various structures. The tissue structure withstands pulling (tension) along the long axis of the fibers

39
Q

regular location

A
  • tendons (attach muscle to bone),
  • most ligaments (attach bone to bone),
  • aponeuroses (sheetlike tendons that attach muscle to muscle or muscle to bone)
40
Q

irregular

A
  • Provides tensile (pulling) strength in many directions

- densely packed collagen

41
Q

elastic

A
  • strength and elasticity

- located in the lungs, vocal cord, ligaments between Vertebrata

42
Q

specialized connective tissue (3)

A
  1. cartilage
  2. bone
  3. blood
43
Q

cartilage

A

-supportive
-contains cells and a firm matrix
-surrpunded by a layer of dense irregular conective tissue called PERICHONDRIUM
which supplies blood and nerves

44
Q

types of cartiage (3)

A
  1. hyaline
  2. firbrocartiage
  3. elastic
45
Q

hyaline locations

A
  • Most abundant cartilage in the body,
  • ends of long bones,
  • anterior ends of ribs,
  • nose, parts of larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchial tubes,
  • embryonic and fetal skeleton
46
Q

hyaline function

A
  • Provides smooth surfaces for movement at joints,
  • flexibility and support.
  • weakest of the three types of cartilage
47
Q

Fibrocartilage functions

A
  • Support and joining structures together. -With a combination of strength and rigidity, this tissue is the strongest of the three types of cartilage.
  • avascular
48
Q

fibrocartilage locations

A
  • Pubic symphysis (point where hip bones join anteriorly),
  • intervertebral discs (discs between vertebrae),
  • menisci (cartilage pads) of knee,
  • portions of tendons that insert into cartilage
49
Q

elastic functions

A

Provides strength and elasticity and maintains shape of certain structures

50
Q

elastic locations

A
  • Lid on top of larynx (epiglottis),
  • part of external ear (auricle),
  • auditory (eustachian) tubes
51
Q

bone

A
  • lots of collagen (structural integrity)

- calcium salts that form an incompressible matrix

52
Q

osteoblasts

A
  • immature bone

- secreate collagen into the matrix where calcium salts precipate forming ahardening matrix

53
Q

osteocytes

A

-mature bone
-inhibit cavities(lucunea) within the harden matrix
-

54
Q

luncunae

A

-small spaces between lamellae that contain mature bone (osteocytes)

55
Q

lamellea

A

connective rings of extracellular matrix that consist of mineral salts, which give the bone its hardness and compreesive strength

56
Q

blood

A
  • MESENCHYME (embyotic origin)

- blood is surrounded by a non living tissue matrix called plasma

57
Q

nervous tissue function

A
  • exibits sestivity to various stimuli
  • converts stimuli into nerve inpulse
  • conducts nerve inpulses to other neurons, muscle fibres, glands
58
Q

nearuons

A
  • highly specailized
  • generate and conduct elecrical impulses over long distance
  • longest cells in the body
59
Q

neroganglia

A

-supporting cells that nourish, insulate, and protect the neuron

60
Q

the two layers of a basement membrane are:

A
  • basal lamina

- reticular lamina

61
Q

Mesenchyme is:

A

the embryonic connective tissue from which almost all other connective tissues arise.

62
Q

The connective tissue best designed to resist pulling forces in various directions is:

A

dense irregular connective tissue.

63
Q

The three types of fibers that strengthen and support the extracellular matrix of connective tissues are

A

collagen
elastic
reticular

64
Q

Hollow organs belonging to systems that do not open to the outside of the body are lined with a ________ membrane.

A

serous

65
Q

The connective tissue layer of a mucous membrane is called the ________.

A

lamina propia

66
Q

forms fasciae and dermis of skin

A

dense irregular connective tissue

67
Q

has cells that are specialized for triglyceride storage

A

adipose tissue

Anatomy (15 decks)

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