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Anatomy > Muscles of the Hip and Thigh > Flashcards

Muscles of the Hip and Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Quadratus femoris m.

A

Deep to Biceps femoris m.

Attachments:

(O): Ventral surface of caudal ischium

(I): Intertrochanteric crest

Action:

  • Extend the hip joint
  • Rotate the pelvic limb laterally

Innervation:

  • Sciatic n.

Blood Supply:

  • Cranial gluteal a.
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2
Q

Cranial Muscles of the Thigh

A

Quadriceps femoris m.

  • 4 heads of origin
  • Fused distally
    • Rectus femoris m.
    • Vastus lateralis m.
    • Vastus intermedius m.
    • Vastus medialis m.

Iliopsoas m.

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3
Q

Gluteobiceps m.

(Ruminant Only)**

A

Combination of Superficial gluteal m. + Biceps femoris m.

Attachments:

(O): Ischiatic tuberosity

(O): Gluteal fascia

(O): Intermuscular septum separating Semitendinosus m.

(I): Patella and cranial surface of Tibia

(I): Common calcanean tendon

Actions:

  • Extend the hip joint
  • Extend OR flex the stifle
    • Weight bearing or not
  • Extend the tarsal joints (Hock)

Innervation:

  • Sciatic n.
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4
Q

Fasciae of The Hindlimb

A

Superficial Fascia of the Trunk:

  • Gluteal Fascia
  • Superficial Caudal Fascia

Deep Fascia of the Trunk:

  • Thoracolumbar Fascia
  • Medial and Lateral Femoral Fascia
    • Fascia Latae
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5
Q

Semitendinosus m.

Sandwiched btwn Semimembranosus m. and Biceps femoris m.

A

Attachments:

(O): Ischiatic tuberosity

(I): Distocranial border of Tibia

(I): Body of Tibia (medial surface)

(I): Tuber calcanei (Common calcanean tendon)

Action:

  • Extend the hip
  • Flex the stifle
  • Extend the tarsal joints

Innervation:

  • Sciatic n.

Blood Supply:

  • Distal caudal femoral a.
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6
Q

Iliopsoas m.

A

Represents a fusion of the Psoas major m. and Iliacus m.

  • Can’t see these two mm.

Attachments:

(O): Psoas major: lumbar vertebrae

(O): Iliacus: cranioventral ilium

(I): lesser trochanter

Action:

  • Flex the hip joint

Innervation:

  • Femoral n.

Blood Supply:

  • Iliolumbar a.
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7
Q

Sartorius m. of Equine

A
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8
Q

Caudal Muscles of the Thigh

A

3 Primary Muscles:

  • Laterally
    • Biceps femoris m.
  • Caudally
    • Semitendinosus m.
  • Medially
    • Semimembranousus m.
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9
Q

Femoral triangle

A

Shallow triangular space

Femoral vessels run to and from pelvic limb

Boundaries:

  • Cranial:
    • Caudal belly of Sartorius m.
  • Caudal:
    • Pectineus m.
    • Adductor m.
  • Base:
    • Abdominal wall
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10
Q

Muscles of the Caudal Hip

A

4 Muscles that lie caudal to the hip

Extend from the inner and outer surfaces of ischium and femur

All rotate the limb laterally

  • Internal obturator m.
  • Gemelli m.
  • Quadratis femoris m.
  • External obturator m.
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11
Q

Quadriceps femoris m.

Head #3: Vastus medialis

A

Attachments:

(O): Proximal femur

(I): Tibial tuberosity

Action:

  • Extend the stifle

Innervation:

  • Femoral n.

Blood Supply:

  • Lateral circumflex femoral a.
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12
Q

Quadriceps femoris m.

A

Most powerful extensor of the stifle joint

Necessary for animal to support weight

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13
Q

Gluteobiceps m.

(Ruminant Only)**

A

Combination of Superficial gluteal m. + Biceps femoris m.

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14
Q

Common Calcanean Tendon

A

Biceps femoris m. & Semitendinosus m.

  • Minor contributors

Achilles tendon in humans

Action:

  • Extend the tarsal joints
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15
Q

Biceps femoris m.

A

Attachments:

(O): Sacrotuberous ligament

(O): Ischiatic tuberosity

(I): Patella

(I): Patellar ligament

(I): Cranial border of Tibia

(I): Tuber calcanei (common calcanean tendon)

Action:

  • Extend the hip, stifle and tarsal joints
  • Flex the stifle joint
    • Caudal part only

Innervation:

  • Sciatic n.

Blood Supply:

LOTS

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16
Q

Adductor m.

A

Attachments:

(O): Pelvic symphysis

(O): Adjacent Ischiatic arch

(O): Ventral surface of Pubis and Ischium

(I): Lateral lip of caudal rough surface of femur

Action:

  • Adduct the limb
  • Extend the hip joint

Innervation:

  • Obturator n.

Blood Supply:

  • LOTS
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17
Q

Pectineus m.

A

Attachments:

(O): Iliopubic eminence

(O): Pubic tubercle

(I): Distal end of medial lip of rough face of femus

Action:

  • Adduct the limb

Innervation:

  • Obturator n.

Blood Supply:

  • Medial circumflex femoral a.
18
Q

Quadriceps femoris m.

Head #2: Vastus lateralis

A

Attachments:

(O): Proximal femur

(I): Tibial tuberosity

Action:

  • Extend the stifle joint

Innervation:

  • Femoral n.

Blood Supply:

  • Lateral circumflex femoral a.
19
Q

Middle gluteal m.

A

Attachments:

(O): Crest and gluteal surface of Ilium

(I): The greater trochanter

Actions:

  • Extend and abduct the hip joint
  • Rotate the pelvic limb medially

Innervation:

  • Cranial gluteal n.

Blood Supply:

  • Cranial gluteal a.
  • Lateral circumflex femoral a.
20
Q

Trochanteric Bursitis

(Large Animals Only)**

A

Inflammation of the Trochanteric Bursa

Causes lameness

Most common in standardbreds

21
Q

Sacrotuberous Ligament

A

Collagenous band

  • Runs from Sacrum to lateral angle of Ischiatic Tuberosity

Superficial gluteal m. arises from proximal half

22
Q

Cow Lateral Pelvis Image

23
Q

Piriformis m.

(Carnivores Only!!)*

A

The deep caudal portion of the middle gluteal

  • Readily separated

Actions:

  • Extend and abduct the hip joint
  • Rotate the pelvic limb medially

Innervation:

  • Cranial gluteal n.

Blood Supply:

  • Cranial gluteal a.
  • Lateral circumflex femoral a.
24
Q

Quadriceps femoris m.

Head 1: Rectus femoris

A

Only head that crosses the hip and stifle joint

Attachments:

(O): Ilium

(I): Tibal tuberosity

Action:

  • Extend the stifle joint
  • Flex the hip joint

Innervation:

  • Femoral n.

Blood Supply:

  • Lateral circumflex femoral a.
  • Superficial circumflex iliac a.
25
Semimembranosus m.
Attachments: (O): Ischiatic tuberosity (I): Distal medial lip of femur (I): Medial condyle of Tibia Actions: * Extend the hip * Flexes OR Extends the stifle * Depends on limb position Innervation: * Sciatic n. Blood Supply: * Distal caudal femoral a.
26
Gracilis m.
Attachments: (O): Pelvic symphysis by symphysial tendon (I): Cranial border of Tibia (I): Tuber calcanei (common calcanean tendon) Actions: * Adduct the limb * Flex the stifle * Extend the hip and tarsal joints Innervation: * Obturator n. Blood Supply: * Proximal caudal femoral a.
27
Lateral Muscles of the Pelvis
Gluteal Muscles * Superficial Gluteal m. * Middle Gluteal m. * **Piriformis m. \* (Dogs only)** * Deep Gluteal m. Accessory Gluteal m. * **Large animals only \*\*** Gluteal Biceps (Glutobiceps) m. * **Ruminany only\*\*** Tensor Fasciae Latae m.
28
Sacrosciatic Ligament ## Footnote **(Large Animals Only)\*\***
Broad sheet of connective tissue * Forms dorsal, softer part of the lateral wall of the pelvis Formation of Greater and Lesser Ischiatic Foramina Need to reflect the accessory gluteal m. and middle gluteal m. to see it
29
Quadriceps femoris m. Head #4: Vastus intermedius
Attachments: (O): Proximal femur (I): Tibial tuberosity Action: * Extend the stifle Innervation: * Femoral n. Blood Supply: * Lateral circumflex femoral a.
30
Accessory Gluteal m. ## Footnote **(Large Animals Only!!) \*\***
Possibly analogous to the Piriformis m. Deep to the middle gluteal m. * Need to reflect the middle gluteal m. to see it Actions: * Extend and abduct the hip joint * Rotate the pelvic limb medially Innervation: * Cranial gluteal n. Blood Supply: * Cranial gluteal a. * Lateral circumflex femoral a.
31
Superficial Gluteal m.
Attachments: (O): Lateral border Sacrum * By Sacrotuberous Ligament (O): Cranial Dorsal Iliac Spine (I): Third Trochanter Action: * Extend the hip joint * Abduct the limb Innervation: * Caudal gluteal n. Blood Supply: * Caudal gluteal a. * Lateral circumflex femoral a.
32
Deep gluteal m.
Attachments: (O): The body of the Ilium (O): Ischiatic spine (I): Cranial aspect of the greater trochanter Action: * Extend and abduct the hip * Rotate the pelvic limb medially Innervation: * Cranial gluteal n. Blood Supply: * Cranial gluteal a.
33
Sartorius m. of Bovine
34
Sartorius m.
Cranial and Caudal parts Attachments: * Cranial: * (O): Crest of Ilium * (O): Thoracolumbar fascia * (I): Patella * Caudal: * (O): Cranial ventral iliac spine * (O): Ventral border of Ilium * (I): Cranial border of Tibia Actions: * Flex the hip joint * Cranial: extend stifle * Caudal: flex stifle Innervation: * Femoral n. Blood Supply: * Superficial circumflex iliac a.
35
Tensor Fasciae Latae m.
Attachments: (O): The tuber coxae (O): Ilium (O): Aponeurosis of middle gluteal (I): The lateral femoral fascia Actions: * Tense the lateral femoral fasciae * Flex the hip joint * Extend the stifle Innervation: * Cranial gluteal n. Blood Supply: * Iliolumbar a. * Superficial circumflex iliac a.
36
Medial Muscles of the Thigh
4 primary muscles: * Sartorius m. * Gracilis m. * Pectineus m. * Adductor m.
37
Popliteal Lymph Node
Palpable in dog Caudal border of Biceps femoris m. Directly caudal to the stifle
38
Equine Lateral Pelvis Image
39
Internal obturator m. ## Footnote **(NOT IN RUMINANT)**
Attachments: (O): Symphysis pelvis (O): Dorsal surface of ischium and pubis (I): Trochanteric fossa of femur Action: * Rotate the pelvic limb laterally at the hip joint Innervation: * Sciatic n.
40
External obturator m.
Attachments: (O): Ventral surface of pubis and ischium (I): Trochanteric fossa of femur Action: * Rotate pelvic limb laterally at hip joint Innervation: * Obturator n. Blood Supply: * Obturator a.
41
Gemelli m.
2 muscles fused together Lie under the tendon of Internal obturator m. Attachments: (O): Lateral surface of Ischium (O): Caudal to Acetabulum (O): Ventral to lesser ischiatic notch (I): Trochanteric fossa of femur Action: * Rotate the pelvic limb laterally at the hip joint Innervation: * Sciatic n. Blood Supply: * Iliolumbar a.

Anatomy (14 decks)

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