Muscles of the Head & Face

Question 1

Where does the Sternocleidomastoid muscle Insert and originate?

Answer 1

(SCM) Located on the Lateral Anterior Aspect of the neck.
Large belly with 2 heads.
A flat Clavicular head & a Slender sternal head.
Both heads merge to insert to the mastoid process.

Question 2

Where do the Scalenes Originate and insert in the head?

Answer 2

There is a Anterior, middle & Posterior scalene.

They extend from the Cervical vertebra and go underneath the clavicle to attach to the 1st and 2nd ribs.

Question 3

Where are the Scalenes located in the head?

Answer 3

They are found between the flap of the Trap and the (SCM).

Question 4

Where is the Anterior Scalene located?

Answer 4

It is partially tucked beneath the (SCM).

Question 5

Where is the Middle Scalene located?

Answer 5

Slightly larger than the Anterior Scalene and lies lateral to the Anterior Scalene.

Question 6

Where is the Posterior Scalene located?

Answer 6

Located between the Middle Scalene and the Levator Scapula.

Question 7

Where does the Masseter Originate and Insert in the Face?

Answer 7

It originates on the inferior portion of the Zygomatic Arch and inserts on the Angle and Ramus of the Mandible.

Question 8

Where is the (O) and (I) for the Anterior Scalene?

Answer 8

(O) Transvers processes of 3-6 Cervical vertebra.

(I) First Rib.

Question 9

Where is the (O) and (I) for the Middle Scalene?

Answer 9

(O) Transvers processes of the 2-7 cervical vertebra.

(I) First Rib.

Question 10

Where is the (O) and (I) for the Posterior Scalene?

Answer 10

(O) Transvers processes of the 6-7 cervical vertebra.

(I) Second Rib.

Question 11

What are the Actions that (SCM) create?

Answer 11

Unilaterally: Ipsilateral lateral flexion, Contralateral rotation.
Bilaterally: Flex the neck, Assist in elevation of the ribcage during inhalation.

Question 12

What are the Actions of the Scalenes?

Answer 12

Unilaterally: they Rotate the head and neck.
Bilaterally: they flex the head & Elevate the ribs during Inhalation.

Question 13

What is the Action of the Suprahyoids?

Answer 13

Elevate the Hyoid and the Tongue.

Depress the mandible (TMJ).

Question 14

What is the Actions of the Digastric?

Answer 14

With the Hyoid bone fixed, depress the mandible (TMJ).

Question 15

What is the (O) and (I) of the Digastric?

Answer 15

(O) Mastoid process, Deep to the (SCM).

(I) Inferior border of the mandible.

Question 16

What is the (O) and (I) of the InfraHyoids?

Answer 16

(O) Sternohyoid and SternoThyroid, Thyroid cartilage,

(I) …

Question 17

What is the Action of the InfraHyoids?

Answer 17

Depress the Hyoid bone and Thyroid cartilage.

Question 18

What is the Action of the Platysma?

Answer 18

Assist to depress the mandible (TMJ).

Question 19

What is the (O) and (I) of the Platysma?

Answer 19

(O) Fascia covering superior part of the Pectoralis.

(I) Base of mandible, skin of lower part of the face.

Question 20

What is the (O) and (I) of the Occipitofrontalis?

Answer 20

(O) Both: Galea Aponeurotica.

(I) Frontals: Skin superior to eyebrows, Occipitals: Superior Nuchal line of the Occiput.

Question 21

What is the Action of the Occipitofrontalis?

Answer 21

Raise the Eyebrows and wrinkle the forehead.

Question 22

What is the Action of the Medial Pterygoid?

Answer 22

Unilaterally: Laterally Deviate the mandible to the opposite side.
Bilaterally: Elevate & protract the Mandible.

Question 23

What is the Action of the Lateral Pterygoid?

Answer 23

Unilaterally: Laterally Deviate the mandible to the opposite side.
Bilaterally: Protract the Mandible.

Question 24

What is the (O) and (I) of the Medial Pterygoid?

Answer 24

(O) Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone and tuberosity of maxilla.
(I) Medial surface of ramus of the mandible.

Question 25

What is the (O) and (I) of the Lateral Pterygoid?

Answer 25

(O) Superior head: Infratemporal surface and crest of greater wing of sphenoid bone.
Inferior head: Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone.
(I) Articular disc and capsule of (TMJ), Neck of mandible.

Question 26

What is the Action of Longus Capitis?

Answer 26

Unilaterally: Ipsilateral lateral flexion, Ipsilateral Rotation.
Bilaterally: Flex the head and Neck.

Question 27

What is the Action of the longus Colli?

Answer 27

Unilaterally: Ipsilateral lateral flexion, Ipsilateral rotation.
Bilaterally: Flex the head and neck.

Question 28

What is the (O) and (I) of the Longus Capitis?

Answer 28

(O) Transvers process of C 3-6.

(I) Inferior surface of Occiput.

Question 29

What is the (O) and (I) of the Longus Colli?

Answer 29

(O) Bodies of C5 - T3 & Transvers processes of C3 - T3.

(I) Tubercle on anterior arch of the Atlas, Bodies of the Axis. C3-4, transvers processes of C5 and C6.

Question 30

What is the muscle located in the centre of the Cheek?

Answer 30

The Buccinator:

Used for blowing into instruments it can create a dimple and tightens the corners of the lips.

Question 31

What does the muscle “Depressor Anguli Oris” do in the face?

Answer 31

It pulls the corners of the mouth inferiorly and laterally.

DAO

Question 32

What is the muscle “Depressor Labii Inferioris” (DLI)?

Answer 32

This muscle is located medial to the (DAO).

It depresses the corners of the mouth while pulling the lip forward as well.

Question 33

What is the (O) and (I) of the Suprahyoids?

Answer 33

Glenoid & Mylohoid (O) on the underside of the Mandible.

Styloid (O) on the styloid.