Muscles of the Gluteal Region

Question 1

Gluteus Maximus
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Answer 1

Origin: Ilium posterior to the posterior gluteal line; posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx; and sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion: Most fibers end in iliotibial tract, which inserts into the lateral condyle of the tibia; some fibers insert on the gluteal tuberosity of the femur.

Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Function: Extends the hip joint between flexed and standing positions and assists in its lateral rotation; fixes hip joint and assists in rising from a sitting position.

Question 2

Gluteus Medius

Answer 2

Origin: External surface of the ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines

Insertion: Lateral surface of the greater trochanter of femur

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Function: Abducts and medially rotate the hip joint; keeps the pelvis level when the opposite limb is elevated.

Question 3

Gluteus Minimus

Answer 3

Origin: External surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines

Insertion: Anterior surface of the greater trochanter

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Function: Abducts and medially rotate the hip joint; keeps the pelvis level when the opposite limb is elevated.

Question 4

Tensor Fasciae Latae (Tensor of Fascia Lata)

Answer 4

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine; anterior part of the iliac crest

Insertion: Iliotibial tract, which attaches to the lateral condyle of the tibia (Gerdy tubercle)

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Function: Flexes the hip joint; acts with gluteus maximus to stabilize the extended knee joint.

Question 5

Piriformis (Passes through Greater Sciatic Foramen)

Answer 5

Origin: Anterior surface of 2nd–4th sacral segments; superior margin of the greater sciatic notch and sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion: Superior border of the greater trochanter of the femur

Innervation: Branches of anterior rami of S1, S2

Function: Laterally rotates the extended hip joint; abducts the flexed hip joint; stabilizes the hip joint.

Question 6

Obturator Internus (Passes through Lesser Sciatic Foramen)

Answer 6

Origin: Pelvic surface of the ilium and ischium; obturator membrane

Insertion: trochanteric fossa

Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)

Function: Laterally rotates the extended hip joint; abducts the flexed hip joint; stabilizes the hip joint

Question 7

Gemelli, Superior and Inferior

Answer 7

Superior Origin: Ischial spine
Inferior Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: trochanteric fossa of the femur

Innervation:
Superior: same as obturator internus
Inferior: same as quadratus femoris

Function: Laterally rotates the extended hip joint; abducts the flexed hip joint; stabilizes the hip joint

Question 8

Quadratus Femoris

Answer 8

Origin: Lateral border of the ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Quadrate tubercle on the intertrochanteric crest of the femur and the area inferior to it

Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)

Function: Laterally rotates the hip joint; stabilizes the hip joint.