L2: Thorax & Vertebrae

Question 1

What type of Vertebrae is this?
How many are there?

Answer 1

7 Cervical

Question 2

What type of Vertebrae is this?
How many are there?

Answer 2

12 Thoracic
(looks like a giraffe)

Question 3

What type of Vertebrae is this?
How many are there?

Answer 3

5 Lumbar

Question 4

What type of Vertebrae is this?
How many are there?

Answer 4

This is the Sacrum
consists of 5 bones fused together

Question 5

What type of Vertebrae is this?
How many are there?

Answer 5

This is the Coccyx
consists of 4 bones fused together

Question 6

What makes a Cervical vertebrae Unique?

Answer 6

Transverse Foramina (except for C7)
Bifid spinous processes (except for C7)
Flexibility

Question 7

What is this?

Answer 7

C1 Atlas

Question 8

What is This?

Answer 8

C2 Axis

Question 9

What makes a Thoracic vertebrae unique?

Answer 9

The thoracic vertebrae are atypical because they articulate with the ribs. Each thoracic vertebra has facets on its sides for rib articulation, making them distinct from the cervical and lumbar vertebrae

Question 10

How do T-Vertebrae Articulate with ribs?

Answer 10

The Tubercle of the Rib articulate with the Coastal Facet on the Transverse Processes of the T-Vertebrae of the same number (ie. rib 7 articulates with T7)

The head of the rib articulates with the bodies of two separate vertebrae.

The Inferior Articular Facet on the head of the Rib articulates with the Superior Coastal Facet of the same # T-Vertebrae (ie. rib 7 articulates with T7)

The Superior Articular Facet on the Head of the Rib articulates with Inferior Coastal Facet of the T-Vertebrae above it (ie. rib 7 articulates with T6)

Rib 1 and T1 are an exception to this.

Question 11

What makes a Lumbar vertebrae unique?

Answer 11

Lumbar vertebrae are atypical due to their large size and the absence of facets for rib articulation. They are characterized by a sturdy structure to support the weight of the upper body.

Question 12

Typical Vertebrae Landmarks:
What are The Joints between Vertebrae Called?

Answer 12

Body, Posterior Vertebral Arch, Pedicle, Vertebral Foramen, Intervertebral Foramen, Sup. Articular Process, Inf. Articular Process, Superior Articular Facet, Inferior Articular Facet, Laminae, Transverse Process, Spinous Process

The superior articular process of a vertebra articulates with the inferior articular process of the vertebra immediately above it in the vertebral column creating the Zygopophysial Joints (facet joint)

Question 13

How are the Articular Facets Organised in Cervical Vertebrae? What movements does this allow for?

Answer 13

Articular facets are typically flat or slightly concave/convex and face superiorly and inferiorly, allowing for a wide range of motion, including flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation

Question 14

How are the Articular Facets Organised in Thoracic Vertebrae? What movements does this allow for?

Answer 14

Articular facets face more laterally, limiting flexion and extension but allowing some rotation.

Question 15

How are the Articular Facets Organised in Lumbar Vertebrae? What movements does this allow for?

Answer 15

Articular facets are oriented more sagittally, allowing flexion and extension with limited rotation.

Question 16

How are the Articular Facets Organised in Sacral Vertebrae? What movements does this allow for?

Answer 16

Articular facets are oriented more medially and posteriorly, limiting movement. The sacrum articulates with the iliac bones to form the sacroiliac joints.

Question 17

How are the Articular Facets Organised in Coccygeal Vertebrae? What movements does this allow for?

Answer 17

Limited movement, and the articular facets are often reduced

Question 18

Atlas

Answer 18

Anterior Tubercle, Posterior Tubercle

Question 19

Axis

Answer 19

Anterior Vertebral Arch, Transverse Foramen, Bifid Spinous Process Posterior Vertebral Arch, Facet For Dens (Odontoid process), Lamina, Sup. Articular Process

Question 20

Thoracic Vertebrae

Answer 20

Articular Facets for Ribs On Body, Articular Facets For Ribs On Transverse Process

Question 21

Lumbar Vertebrae

Answer 21

Note Facet Orientation Body, Spinous Process Inferior, Articular Process, Transverse Process

Question 22

What are the Facet Angles like of the Cervical Vertebrae? How does this Restrict Movement?

Answer 22

Facets are more horizontally oriented, allowing for a wider range of motion

Question 23

What are the Facet Angles like of the Thoracic Vertebrae? How does this Restrict Movement?

Answer 23

Facets are more coronally oriented, limiting flexion and extension but providing stability to support the ribcage.

Question 24

What are the Facet Angles like of the Lumbar Vertebrae? How does this Restrict Movement?

Answer 24

Facets are more sagittally oriented, allowing for greater flexion and extension but limiting rotation

Question 25

Locate the hyoid bone. What does it attach to?

Answer 25

The hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone located in the neck between the mandible (lower jaw) and the larynx (voice box). It doesn’t articulate with any other bones; instead, it is suspended in the neck by ligaments and muscles. The hyoid bone serves as an attachment point for various muscles of the tongue and throat and plays a role in supporting the tongue and facilitating swallowing and speech.

Question 26

What are True Ribs?
Where do they Attach?

Answer 26

True Ribs (1-7):

Attachment: These ribs are directly attached to the sternum via costal cartilage.

Question 27

What are False Ribs?
Where do they Attach?

Answer 27

False Ribs (8-10):

Attachment: Ribs 8 to 10 are indirectly attached to the sternum through the costal cartilage of the rib above. Ribs 11 and 12 are floating ribs, meaning they don’t attach to the sternum at all.

Question 28

What are Floating Ribs?
Where do they Attach?

Answer 28

Floating Ribs (11-12):

Attachment: Ribs 11 and 12 do not attach to the sternum. They are free-floating in the posterior part of the ribcage.

Question 29

Anatomy

Answer 29

Sternum Sternal Angle Ribs: Head Costal Angle, Manubrium (Jugular Notch) Xiphoid Process
Tubercle of Rib, Costal Groove Clavicular Notches Facets for Ribs Articular Part Tubercle

Question 30

identify major anatomical landmarks of the Ribs and distinguish between types of ribs