L2: Thorax & Vertebrae Flashcards
What type of Vertebrae is this?
How many are there?
7 Cervical
What type of Vertebrae is this?
How many are there?
12 Thoracic
(looks like a giraffe)
What type of Vertebrae is this?
How many are there?
5 Lumbar
What type of Vertebrae is this?
How many are there?
This is the Sacrum
consists of 5 bones fused together
What type of Vertebrae is this?
How many are there?
This is the Coccyx
consists of 4 bones fused together
What makes a Cervical vertebrae Unique?
Transverse Foramina (except for C7)
Bifid spinous processes (except for C7)
Flexibility
What is this?
C1 Atlas
What is This?
C2 Axis
What makes a Thoracic vertebrae unique?
The thoracic vertebrae are atypical because they articulate with the ribs. Each thoracic vertebra has facets on its sides for rib articulation, making them distinct from the cervical and lumbar vertebrae
How do T-Vertebrae Articulate with ribs?
The Tubercle of the Rib articulate with the Coastal Facet on the Transverse Processes of the T-Vertebrae of the same number (ie. rib 7 articulates with T7)
The head of the rib articulates with the bodies of two separate vertebrae.
The Inferior Articular Facet on the head of the Rib articulates with the Superior Coastal Facet of the same # T-Vertebrae (ie. rib 7 articulates with T7)
The Superior Articular Facet on the Head of the Rib articulates with Inferior Coastal Facet of the T-Vertebrae above it (ie. rib 7 articulates with T6)
Rib 1 and T1 are an exception to this.
What makes a Lumbar vertebrae unique?
Lumbar vertebrae are atypical due to their large size and the absence of facets for rib articulation. They are characterized by a sturdy structure to support the weight of the upper body.
Typical Vertebrae Landmarks:
What are The Joints between Vertebrae Called?
Body, Posterior Vertebral Arch, Pedicle, Vertebral Foramen, Intervertebral Foramen, Sup. Articular Process, Inf. Articular Process, Superior Articular Facet, Inferior Articular Facet, Laminae, Transverse Process, Spinous Process
The superior articular process of a vertebra articulates with the inferior articular process of the vertebra immediately above it in the vertebral column creating the Zygopophysial Joints (facet joint)
How are the Articular Facets Organised in Cervical Vertebrae? What movements does this allow for?
Articular facets are typically flat or slightly concave/convex and face superiorly and inferiorly, allowing for a wide range of motion, including flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation
How are the Articular Facets Organised in Thoracic Vertebrae? What movements does this allow for?
Articular facets face more laterally, limiting flexion and extension but allowing some rotation.
How are the Articular Facets Organised in Lumbar Vertebrae? What movements does this allow for?
Articular facets are oriented more sagittally, allowing flexion and extension with limited rotation.
How are the Articular Facets Organised in Sacral Vertebrae? What movements does this allow for?
Articular facets are oriented more medially and posteriorly, limiting movement. The sacrum articulates with the iliac bones to form the sacroiliac joints.
How are the Articular Facets Organised in Coccygeal Vertebrae? What movements does this allow for?
Limited movement, and the articular facets are often reduced
Atlas
Anterior Tubercle, Posterior Tubercle
Axis
Anterior Vertebral Arch, Transverse Foramen, Bifid Spinous Process Posterior Vertebral Arch, Facet For Dens (Odontoid process), Lamina, Sup. Articular Process
Thoracic Vertebrae
Articular Facets for Ribs On Body, Articular Facets For Ribs On Transverse Process
Lumbar Vertebrae
Note Facet Orientation Body, Spinous Process Inferior, Articular Process, Transverse Process
What are the Facet Angles like of the Cervical Vertebrae? How does this Restrict Movement?
Facets are more horizontally oriented, allowing for a wider range of motion
What are the Facet Angles like of the Thoracic Vertebrae? How does this Restrict Movement?
Facets are more coronally oriented, limiting flexion and extension but providing stability to support the ribcage.
What are the Facet Angles like of the Lumbar Vertebrae? How does this Restrict Movement?
Facets are more sagittally oriented, allowing for greater flexion and extension but limiting rotation
Locate the hyoid bone. What does it attach to?
The hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone located in the neck between the mandible (lower jaw) and the larynx (voice box). It doesn’t articulate with any other bones; instead, it is suspended in the neck by ligaments and muscles. The hyoid bone serves as an attachment point for various muscles of the tongue and throat and plays a role in supporting the tongue and facilitating swallowing and speech.
What are True Ribs?
Where do they Attach?
True Ribs (1-7):
Attachment: These ribs are directly attached to the sternum via costal cartilage.
What are False Ribs?
Where do they Attach?
False Ribs (8-10):
Attachment: Ribs 8 to 10 are indirectly attached to the sternum through the costal cartilage of the rib above. Ribs 11 and 12 are floating ribs, meaning they don’t attach to the sternum at all.
What are Floating Ribs?
Where do they Attach?
Floating Ribs (11-12):
Attachment: Ribs 11 and 12 do not attach to the sternum. They are free-floating in the posterior part of the ribcage.
Anatomy
Sternum Sternal Angle Ribs: Head Costal Angle, Manubrium (Jugular Notch) Xiphoid Process
Tubercle of Rib, Costal Groove Clavicular Notches Facets for Ribs Articular Part Tubercle
identify major anatomical landmarks of the Ribs and distinguish between types of ribs
