L3: Thorax and Shoulder/Upper Limb.

Question 1

Clavicle:

Answer 1

• identify the medial and lateral ends (which structures do these articulate with).
• identify the following landmarks that are indicated on the bones:
• Conoid tubercle, acromial extremity, sternal extremity.
• can you orient the clavicle as it would sit in your body? Left or right?

Question 2

Scapula:

Answer 2

• identify the following landmarks on the bones: spine, acromion.
  acromion process, supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa, superior angle, inferior angle,
  Lateral border, infraglenoid tubercle (insertion of the long head of Tricepts Brachii), glenoid cavity,
  coracoid process, medial border, subscapular fossa, scapular notch, supraglenoid tubercle (insertion of
  Biceps Brachii Long head).

Question 3

Humerus

Answer 3

• identify the following landmarks that are indicated on the bones:
  head, anatomical neck, body, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, intertubercular groove / bicipital groove,
  deltoid tuberosity, medial supracondylar ridge, lateral supracondylar ridge, olecranon fossa, coronoid
  fossa, radial fossa, medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle, capitulum, trochlea

Question 4

ligaments of:

Glenohumeral Joint

Answer 4

Question 5

Glenohumeral Ligaments (GHL):

Answer 5

This ligament attaches from the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula to the lesser tubercle of the humerus.

Question 6

Sternoclavicular Joint

Answer 6

Question 7

Acromioclavicular

Answer 7

Question 8

Muscles from the Trunk to the Scapula, Head and Humerus

Muscles Previously Covered in other sets:

Answer 8

Trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi
Rhomboids major;
Rhomboids minor
Pectoralis major;
Pectoralis minor;
Subclavius
Sternocleidomastoid

Question 9

Levator scapulae

Answer 9

Origin: Transverse processes of the upper cervical vertebrae (C1-C4).

Insertion: Medial border of the scapula, superior to the spine of the scapula.

Function: Elevates the scapula, particularly during shrugging of the shoulders. It also contributes to the downward rotation of the scapula.

Nerve Supply: Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5) and the superior part by the third and fourth cervical nerves (C3-C4).

Question 10

Serratus anterior

Answer 10

Origin: The muscle originates from the outer surface of the upper eight or nine ribs.

Insertion: It inserts along the anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula.

Function: involved in protraction and stabilization of the scapula.

Nerve Supply: The long thoracic nerve

Question 11

Muscles of the Shoulder and Arm

Answer 11

Deltoid
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Teres major
Coracobrachialis
Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
Triceps Brachii
Anconeus
The Rotator C

Question 12

The Rotator Cuff Muscles

Answer 12

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis

Question 13

Prime Mover / Antagonist

Answer 13

A prime mover (agonist) is a muscle primarily responsible for producing a specific movement, while the antagonist is the muscle opposing its action, facilitating coordinated and controlled movements.

Question 14

Synergist

Answer 14

A synergist is a muscle that works together with the prime mover to enhance and assist its action, contributing to the smooth and coordinated execution of a movement.

Question 15

Antagonist

Answer 15

An antagonist is a muscle that opposes the action of the prime mover (agonist) and helps regulate the speed and smoothness of the movement.

Question 16

prime mover, synergists, and antagonists for each movement

flexion

shoulder

Answer 16

Prime Mover (Agonist): Anterior deltoid.
Antagonist: Posterior deltoid.
Synergist: Pectoralis major, Coracobrachialis.

Question 17

prime mover, synergists, and antagonists for each movement

extension

shoulder

Answer 17

Prime Mover (Agonist): Posterior deltoid.
Antagonist: Anterior deltoid.
Synergist: Latissimus dorsi, Teres major.

Question 18

prime mover, synergists, and antagonists for each movement

adduction

shoulder

Answer 18

Prime Mover (Agonist): Latissimus dorsi.
Antagonist: Deltoid (middle fibers).
Synergist: Pectoralis major, Teres major.

Question 19

prime mover, synergists, and antagonists for each movement

abduction

shoulder

Answer 19

Prime Mover (Agonist): Deltoid muscle.
Antagonist: Latissimus dorsi or Teres major.
Synergist: Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus muscles.

Question 20

prime mover, synergists, and antagonists for each movement

internal rotation

shoulder

Answer 20

Prime Mover (Agonist): Subscapularis.
Antagonist: Infraspinatus and Teres minor.
Synergist: Pectoralis major, Latissimus dorsi.

Question 21

prime mover, synergists, and antagonists for each movement

external rotation

shoulder

Answer 21

Prime Mover (Agonist): Infraspinatus and Teres Minor
Synergist: Posterior Deltoid
Antagonist: Subscapularis

Question 22

During abduction of the arm at the shoulder, palpate the movements in the clavicle. Does it rotate, or
just elevate with abduction at the shoulder?

Question 23

Can you describe the movements of the scapula? What movements make the following happen?
Ii)Depression; elevation; retraction; protraction?

Question 24

Depression

Answer 24

Muscles Involved: Primarily the downward movement is performed by the downward pull of the lower trapezius and latissimus dorsi.
Action: The scapula moves inferiorly, towards the lower part of the back.

Question 25

Elevation:

Answer 25

Muscles Involved: Primarily the upward movement is performed by the upper trapezius and levator scapulae.

Action: The scapula moves superiorly, towards the upper part of the back and neck.

Question 26

Retraction (Adduction):

Answer 26

Muscles Involved: Primarily the retraction is performed by the middle trapezius and rhomboids.

Action: The scapula moves towards the spine, bringing the medial borders closer to the vertebral column

Question 27

Protraction (Abduction):

Answer 27

Muscles Involved: Primarily the protraction is performed by the serratus anterior and the pectoralis minor.

Action: The scapula moves away from the spine, bringing the medial borders away from the vertebral column.