Muscles of the Cervical Spine

Question 1

Muscles involved in flexion

Answer 1

sternocleidomastoid
longus capitis
short muscles between atlas and occiput

Question 2

Muscles involved in extension

Answer 2

small posteiror vertebral muscles

Question 3

Muscles involved in lateral flexion

Answer 3

small sub occipital muscles

Question 4

Muscles involved in rotation

Answer 4

sub occiptial muscles
sternocleidomastoid
trapezius

Question 5

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 5

Proximal: sternal head- anteiror surface of manubrium sternum
clavicular head- upper surface of medial 2/3 of clavicle
Distal; onto lateral 1/3 superior nuchal lin eof occipital bone
mastoid process of temporal bone
I: XI cranial nerve (motor), ventral rami C3 (sensory)
A: cervical spine flexion, lateral side flexion and rotation
accessory muscle of respiration

Question 6

Longus Capitis

Answer 6

Proximal attachments:
Anterior aspect TP C3 -6 
Distal attachment:
Anterior aspect of occipital bone
Nerve Supply:
C1- 4 Anterior primary rami
Actions:
Unilateral: ipsilateral side flex + contralateral rotation
Bilateral: flexion of cervical spine

Question 7

Longus Colli

Answer 7

Lowest part:
From anterior bodies T1, T2 & T3
To TP’s of C5 & C6
Middle part:
From anterior bodiesC5 to T3
To anterior bodies of C2, C3 & C4
Upper part:
TP’s of C3, C4 & C5
To anterior tubercle of atlas
Nerve supply: anterior rami C3 to C6
Actions: flexion of the neck

Question 8

Levator Scapulae

Answer 8

Proximal attachment:
C1-4 transverse processes
Distal attachment:
medial border scapula between the superior angle and medial end of the spine of the scapula
Action:
elevation of scapula; side flexion or extension of neck.
Function:
Stability of scapula, resists depression when weight in hand.
Nerve Supply
Dorsal scapular nerve C5

Question 9

Splenius Cervicis

Answer 9

Proximal Attachment/Origin
SP T3-T6
Distal Attachment/Insertion
TP C1-C3
Action:
Extends head on neck working bilaterally
ipsilateral lateral flexion, rotation working unilaterally

Question 10

Splenius Captis

Answer 10

Proximal attachment:
Ligamentum nuchae
SP C7-T3
Distal attachment:
mastoid process
occiput 
superior nuchal line
Nerve supply:
Dorsal rami C3-C5
Action: 
head & neck extension

Question 11

scalenus anterior

Answer 11

Proximal: TP C3-6
Distal: 1st rib
Action: Unilaterally: ipsilateral side flexion
Bilaterally: cervical flexion
Accessory muscle of respiration - elevation of 1st rib
Nerve supply: ventral rami C4-C6

Question 12

scalenus medius

Answer 12

proximal:TP C1-7
disal:1st rib
action: Unilaterally: ipsilateral side flexion
Bilaterally: cervical flexion
Accessory muscle of respiration - elevation of 1st rib
nerve supply:ventral rami C3-C8

Question 13

Scalenus posterior

Answer 13

proximal:TP C4-6
distal: 2nd rib
action: Unilaterally: ipsilateral side flexion
Bilaterally: cervical flexion
Accessory muscle of respiration - elevation of 1st rib
nerve supply: ventral rami C6-C8

Question 14

Semispinalis Capitis

Answer 14

Capitis
Proximal Attachment/Origin 
TP of C7-T6
Distal Attachment/Insertion
Occiput
Action: cervical extension working bilaterally or side flexion working unilaterally

Question 15

Semispinalis Cervicis

Answer 15

Proximal Attachment/Origin
TP T1-T6
Distal Attachment/Insertion
SP C1-C5
Action: cervical extension working bilaterally or side flexion working unilaterally