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170PH > GENERAL ANATOMY > Flashcards

GENERAL ANATOMY Flashcards

1
Q

SYNERGIST

A

a muscle/force that works with a muscle that is contracting.

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2
Q

AGONIST

A

a muscle/force that can do the action in question

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3
Q

ANTAGONIST

A

a muscle/force that can do the opposite action

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4
Q

FIXATOR

A

a muscle/force that can stop an unwanted action at the fixed attachment of the muscle that is working.

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5
Q

CONCENTRIC

A

the muscle contracts and shortens

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6
Q

ECCENTRIC

A

the muscle contracts and lengthens

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7
Q

ISOMETRIC

A

the muscle will neither shorten nor lengthen

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8
Q

NEUTRALISER

A

a muscle/force that can stop an unwanted action at the mobile attachment of the muscle that is working.

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9
Q

SUPPORT MUSCLE

A

a muscle that can hold another part of the body in position

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10
Q

PASSIVE INSUFFICIENCY

A

a muscle, which passes over two joints, can not be lengthened enough to allow full range of movement at both joints

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11
Q

ACTIVE INSUFFICIENCY

A

a muscle, which passes over two joints can not shorten sufficiently to produce full range of movement at both joints.

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12
Q

ISOTONIC

A

An increase in tension which changes muscle length so movement is produced.

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13
Q

RECIPROCOL MUSCLE LENGTHENING

A

is involuntary, it is not active muscle work.

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14
Q

FONTAL PLANE

A

A vertical plane from side to side that divides the body or any of its parts into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions
Abduction / adduction

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15
Q

SAGITIAL PLANE

A

A vertical plane, from front to back that divides the body or any of its parts into right and left portions.
Flexion /extension

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16
Q

HORIZONTAL PLANE

A

A horizontal plane, from front to back and side to side, that divides the body or any of its parts into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions
Medial rotation / lateral rotation -

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17
Q

Types of joint

A

Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints

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18
Q

ACCESSORY MOVEMENT

A

Involuntary, small gliding adjustments between joint surfaces to facilitate smooth and full movement.
e.g spin, roll, glide

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19
Q

HOW TO MEASURE POSTURE

A 
lobe of ear
odontoid process of axis
through shoulder
lumbar vertebrae
greater trochanter
anterior to midline through knee
slightly anterior of lateral malleolus
20
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

Bones held together by a fibrous capsule & accessory ligaments. Has a synovial joint cavity

21
Q

DEFINE GAIT

A

the manner or style of walking

22
Q

CYCLE TIME

A

the interval between two successive occurrences of one of the repetitive events of walking’
It is often started at the point one foot touches the floor and ends once the same foot comes into contact with the floor once more.

23
Q

AROM

A

refers to how far a joint moves during exercise

done on your own

24
Q

PROM

A

refers to how far a joint moves during exercise

done by a therapist

25
Q

CONTRALATERAL

A

the side of the body opposite to that on which a particular structure or condition occurs.

26
Q

STRUCTURE AND PURPOSE OF ARTICULAR CAPSULE

A

the capsule is held together with ligaments (fibrous connective tissue) that help with the range of motion.

27
Q

STRUCTURE AND PURPOSE OF SYNOVIAL FLUID

A

eduction of friction — synovial fluid lubricates the articulating joints

28
Q

STURCTURE AND PURPOSE OF FAD PAD

A

mass of closely packed fat cells surrounded by fibrous tissue septa. They may be extensively supplied with capillaries and nerve endings.

29
Q

CLASSIFICATIONS OF BONES

A

short, flat, long, sesamoid irregular

30
Q

medial

A

towards the midline (centre).”

31
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline”

32
Q

proximal

A

nearer to the centre or midline

33
Q

distal

A

further from the centre or midline”.

34
Q

plane of movement

A

the imaginary surface over which the mobile segment passes.

35
Q

axis of movement

A

an imaginary point or line, on the surface around which the movement occurs.

36
Q

Neutral position

A

ASIS are in the same frontal plane and the ASIS and pubic symphysis are in the same vertical plane

37
Q

Initial contact in gait

A

Often called heel strike as this area comes into first contact with the floor

38
Q

stance phase in gait

A

loading response is the double support period between initial contact on one leg and toe off on the other leg.

39
Q

terminal stance in gait

A

Is the time in which the heel begins to lift from the surface

40
Q

pre swing in gait

A

Pre-swing occurs in conjunction with opposite heel strike.

41
Q

lordotic posture

A

increase in lumbosacral angle

42
Q

relaxed or slouch posture

A

excessive shifting of the pelvic segment anteriorly, resulting in hip extension

43
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral curvature with fixed motion of vertebrae

44
Q

flat back posture

A

decreased lumbar lordosis, hip extension and posterior tilting of pelvis

45
Q

Gait phases

A 
heel strike 
Stance 
Loading reponse
Midtstance 
Terminal stance 
Pre swing
Toe off 
Swing phase 
Initial swing
Mid swing
Terminal swing

170PH (13 decks)

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