GENERAL ANATOMY

Question 1

SYNERGIST

Answer 1

a muscle/force that works with a muscle that is contracting.

Question 2

AGONIST

Answer 2

a muscle/force that can do the action in question

Question 3

ANTAGONIST

Answer 3

a muscle/force that can do the opposite action

Question 4

FIXATOR

Answer 4

a muscle/force that can stop an unwanted action at the fixed attachment of the muscle that is working.

Question 5

CONCENTRIC

Answer 5

the muscle contracts and shortens

Question 6

ECCENTRIC

Answer 6

the muscle contracts and lengthens

Question 7

ISOMETRIC

Answer 7

the muscle will neither shorten nor lengthen

Question 8

NEUTRALISER

Answer 8

a muscle/force that can stop an unwanted action at the mobile attachment of the muscle that is working.

Question 9

SUPPORT MUSCLE

Answer 9

a muscle that can hold another part of the body in position

Question 10

PASSIVE INSUFFICIENCY

Answer 10

a muscle, which passes over two joints, can not be lengthened enough to allow full range of movement at both joints

Question 11

ACTIVE INSUFFICIENCY

Answer 11

a muscle, which passes over two joints can not shorten sufficiently to produce full range of movement at both joints.

Question 12

ISOTONIC

Answer 12

An increase in tension which changes muscle length so movement is produced.

Question 13

RECIPROCOL MUSCLE LENGTHENING

Answer 13

is involuntary, it is not active muscle work.

Question 14

FONTAL PLANE

Answer 14

A vertical plane from side to side that divides the body or any of its parts into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions
Abduction / adduction

Question 15

SAGITIAL PLANE

Answer 15

A vertical plane, from front to back that divides the body or any of its parts into right and left portions.
Flexion /extension

Question 16

HORIZONTAL PLANE

Answer 16

A horizontal plane, from front to back and side to side, that divides the body or any of its parts into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions
Medial rotation / lateral rotation -

Question 17

Types of joint

Answer 17

Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints

Question 18

ACCESSORY MOVEMENT

Answer 18

Involuntary, small gliding adjustments between joint surfaces to facilitate smooth and full movement.
e.g spin, roll, glide

Question 19

HOW TO MEASURE POSTURE

Answer 19

lobe of ear
odontoid process of axis
through shoulder
lumbar vertebrae
greater trochanter
anterior to midline through knee
slightly anterior of lateral malleolus

Question 20

What are synovial joints?

Answer 20

Bones held together by a fibrous capsule & accessory ligaments. Has a synovial joint cavity

Question 21

DEFINE GAIT

Answer 21

the manner or style of walking

Question 22

CYCLE TIME

Answer 22

the interval between two successive occurrences of one of the repetitive events of walking’
It is often started at the point one foot touches the floor and ends once the same foot comes into contact with the floor once more.

Question 23

AROM

Answer 23

refers to how far a joint moves during exercise

done on your own

Question 24

PROM

Answer 24

refers to how far a joint moves during exercise

done by a therapist

Question 25

CONTRALATERAL

Answer 25

the side of the body opposite to that on which a particular structure or condition occurs.

Question 26

STRUCTURE AND PURPOSE OF ARTICULAR CAPSULE

Answer 26

the capsule is held together with ligaments (fibrous connective tissue) that help with the range of motion.

Question 27

STRUCTURE AND PURPOSE OF SYNOVIAL FLUID

Answer 27

eduction of friction — synovial fluid lubricates the articulating joints

Question 28

STURCTURE AND PURPOSE OF FAD PAD

Answer 28

mass of closely packed fat cells surrounded by fibrous tissue septa. They may be extensively supplied with capillaries and nerve endings.

Question 29

CLASSIFICATIONS OF BONES

Answer 29

short, flat, long, sesamoid irregular

Question 30

medial

Answer 30

towards the midline (centre).”

Question 31

lateral

Answer 31

away from the midline”

Question 32

proximal

Answer 32

nearer to the centre or midline

Question 33

distal

Answer 33

further from the centre or midline”.

Question 34

plane of movement

Answer 34

the imaginary surface over which the mobile segment passes.

Question 35

axis of movement

Answer 35

an imaginary point or line, on the surface around which the movement occurs.

Question 36

Neutral position

Answer 36

ASIS are in the same frontal plane and the ASIS and pubic symphysis are in the same vertical plane

Question 37

Initial contact in gait

Answer 37

Often called heel strike as this area comes into first contact with the floor

Question 38

stance phase in gait

Answer 38

loading response is the double support period between initial contact on one leg and toe off on the other leg.

Question 39

terminal stance in gait

Answer 39

Is the time in which the heel begins to lift from the surface

Question 40

pre swing in gait

Answer 40

Pre-swing occurs in conjunction with opposite heel strike.

Question 41

lordotic posture

Answer 41

increase in lumbosacral angle

Question 42

relaxed or slouch posture

Answer 42

excessive shifting of the pelvic segment anteriorly, resulting in hip extension

Question 43

scoliosis

Answer 43

lateral curvature with fixed motion of vertebrae

Question 44

flat back posture

Answer 44

decreased lumbar lordosis, hip extension and posterior tilting of pelvis

Question 45

Gait phases

Answer 45

``` heel strike Stance Loading reponse Midtstance Terminal stance Pre swing Toe off Swing phase Initial swing Mid swing Terminal swing ```