Muscles of the Back and Craniocervical Regions: Muscles of the Craniocervical Region

Question 1

Splenius Muscles Proximal Attachment

Answer 1

Splenius cervicis and capitis: Ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7-T4 vertebrae

Question 2

Splenius Muscles Distal Attachment

Answer 2

Splenius Cervicis: Posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C1-C3 vertebrae
Splenius Capitis: Mastoid process and lateral end of the superior nuchal line

Question 3

Splenius Muscles Innervation

Answer 3

Posterior rami of spinal nn. C2-C6

Question 4

Splenius Muscles Action

Answer 4

Unilaterally:
Rotates the head/neck to the same side
Laterally flexes the head/neck
Bilaterally
Extends the head/neck

Question 5

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Proximal Attachment

Answer 5

Spinous process of C2

Question 6

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Distal Attachment

Answer 6

Lateral part of the inferior nuchal line

Question 7

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Innervation

Answer 7

Suboccipital n. (posterior ramus of C1)

Question 8

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Action

Answer 8

Extends the head

Rotates the head to the same side

Question 9

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Proximal Attachment

Answer 9

Posterior tubercle of C1

Question 10

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Distal Attachment

Answer 10

Medial part of the inferior nuchal line

Question 11

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Innervation

Answer 11

Suboccipital n. (posterior ramus of C1)

Question 12

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Action

Answer 12

Extends the head

Question 13

Superior Oblique Proximal Attachment

Answer 13

Transverse process of C1

Question 14

Superior Oblique Distal Attachment

Answer 14

Occipital bone between the inferior and superior nuchal line

Question 15

Superior Oblique Innervation

Answer 15

Suboccipital n. (posterior ramus of C1)

Question 16

Superior Oblique Action

Answer 16

Extends the head

Question 17

Inferior Oblique Proximal Attachment

Answer 17

Spinous process of C2

Question 18

Inferior Oblique Distal Attachment

Answer 18

Transverse process of C1

Question 19

Inferior Oblique Innervation

Answer 19

Suboccipital n. (posterior ramus of C1)

Question 20

Inferior Oblique Action

Answer 20

Rotates C1 to the same side

Question 21

Longus Colli Proximal Attachment

Answer 21

Upper part: Transverse processes of C3-C5

Lower part: Bodies of C5-T3

Question 22

Longus Colli Distal Attachment

Answer 22

Upper part: Bodies of C1-C3

Lower part: Transverse processes of C3-C6

Question 23

Longus Colli Innervation

Answer 23

Anterior rami of C2-C6

Question 24

Longus Colli Action

Answer 24

Flexes the neck

Question 25

Longus Capitis Proximal Attachment

Answer 25

Transverse processes of C3-6

Question 26

Longus Capitis Distal Attachment

Answer 26

Basilar portion of the occipital bone

Question 27

Longus Capitis Innervation

Answer 27

Anterior rami of C1-C3

Question 28

Longus Capitis Action

Answer 28

Flexes the head

Question 29

Rectus Capitis Anterior Proximal Attachment

Answer 29

Lateral mass of the atlas

Question 30

Rectus Capitis Anterior Distal Attachment

Answer 30

Basilar portion of occipital bone

Question 31

Rectus Capitis Anterior Innervation

Answer 31

Anterior ramus of C1

Question 32

Rectus Capitis Anterior Action

Answer 32

Flexes the O-A joint

Question 33

Rectus Capitas Lateralis Proximal Attachment

Answer 33

Transverse process of the atlas

Question 34

Rectus Capitas Lateralis Distal Attachment

Answer 34

Occipital bone anterolateral to foramen magnum

Question 35

Rectus Capitas Lateralis Innervation

Answer 35

Anterior ramus of C1

Question 36

Rectus Capitas Lateralis Action

Answer 36

Laterally flexes the head

Question 37

Sternocleidomastoid Proximal Attachment

Answer 37

Mastoid process of the temporal bone

Question 38

Sternocleidomastoid Distal Attachment

Answer 38

Sternal head: Manubrium of the sternum | Clavicular head: Medial end of the clavicle

Question 39

Sternocleidomastoid Innervation

Answer 39

Spinal accessory n. (CN XI) and anterior rami of C2-3

Question 40

Sternocleidomastoid Action

Answer 40

``` Unilaterally: Laterally flexes the head/neck Rotates the head/neck to the opposite side Bilaterally: Extends the head Flexes the neck ```

Question 41

Anterior Scalene Proximal Attachment

Answer 41

Transverse processes of C3-6

Question 42

Anterior Scalene Distal Attachment

Answer 42

1st rib

Question 43

Anterior Scalene Innervation

Answer 43

Anterior rami of C4-6

Question 44

Anterior Scalene Action

Answer 44

``` Unilaterally: Laterally flexes the head/neck Rotates the head/neck to the opposite side Bilaterally: Flexes the head/neck Elevates 1st rib ```

Question 45

Middle Scalene Proximal Attachment

Answer 45

Transverse process of C2-7

Question 46

Middle Scalene Distal Attachment

Answer 46

1st rib

Question 47

Middle Scalene Innervation

Answer 47

Anterior rami of C3-8

Question 48

Middle Scalene Action

Answer 48

``` Unilaterally: Laterally flexes the head/neck Bilaterally: Flexes the head/neck Elevates 1st rib ```

Question 49

Posterior Scalene Proximal Attachment

Answer 49

Transverse processes of C4-6

Question 50

Posterior Scalene Distal Attachment

Answer 50

2nd rib

Question 51

Posterior Scalene Innervation

Answer 51

Anterior rami of C6-8

Question 52

Posterior Scalene Action

Answer 52

Laterally flexes the neck