Muscles but make it FOM Flashcards
What does muscle generate?
Force and movement.
Muscle aloows expression and regulaton. What does this mean?
Muscle allows transportation of certain things around the body.
Allows us to commuinicate and breathe.
Three types of muscle?
Smooth, cardiac and skeletal
What type of muscle cannot afford to get tired?
Cardiac muscle.
If it stops, we die.
Why are smooth muscle cells thin?
Line the walls of hollow organs like the uterus, airways, blood vessels, GI tract etc.
What can smooth muscle doo in regards to strength?
Smooth muscle can amplify it’s strength.
Which types of muscle are striated?
Cardiac and skeletal.
How can you differtiate between skeletal/cardiac muscle compared to smooth muscle.
Cardiac and skeletal are stiated.
Smooth is non-striated.
Smooth muscle cells are smaller and thinner and look like ‘pink and purple blobs’.
Describe the structure of skeletal muscle fibres.
Skeletal muscle fibres are chains of cells which merge together.
Have multiple nuclei which often expand out of the cell. These cells bulge as packed with protein.
Very regular structure to assist with strength.
Describe the structure of cardiac muscle fibres.
Cardiac muscle cells are a lot smaller.
Single nucleus.
The weird finger-like structures at the end connect the cells toegther electrically. Neighbourly spreading of electrical activity.
Striated.
Desribe the structure of smooth muscle cells.
Thinner so can line hollow organs.
One nucleus.
Non-striated.
What happens to damaged skeletal muscle cells?
Cannot grow new skeletal muscle.
Some people who workout a lot damage muscles. However, the protein inside bulges out.
What is the strongest muscle?
Skeletal muscle.
Name the two types of filament involved in muscles?
Which one is bigger?
Actin and myosin..
Myosin is larger in diameter.
Describe the structure of muscle fibres.
Bundles of fibres are held together in a sheath composed of connective tissue.
What type of muscle can replace itself?
Smooth
What happens if one cell is damaged?
Other cells aroud it compensate by undergoing hypertrophy.
What does hypertrophy mean?
Excess growth.
How is skeletal muscle attached to bone?
Via tendons.
How are cells replaced ater damage?
Replaced by satellite cells.
What will happen to muscles if we don’t use them?
useitorloseit
We lose them.
Why are there blood vessels found in muscle cells?
Muscles require a lot of oxygen hence they need a good blood supply.
The bigger a piece of tissue, the greater the blood supply required.
What anchors proteins?
Z lines anchor cells onto cell membranes.
What line keeps regular arrangement in the filaments?
M line.
What does the accessory protein Titin do?
Guides myecin filaments in between the actin filaments to allow the sldiing action to take place.
When filaments slide past each other in regards to contraction and relaxation, what happens to the different regions of the filament?
A band =unchanged
I band= reduced
H zone= reduced
What does ATP do when it bind to myosin heads?
‘Charges up’ the heads of the cross bridges.
Describe the cross bridge cycle.
- Cross bridge bind to actin and [Ca2+] rises.
- Cross bridge moves. Waste products removed and actin and myosin left.
- ATP binds to myosin causing the cross bridge to detach.
- Hydrolysis of ATP energizes cross bridge.
- Cycle continues.
How is trypomyosin held in place?
Tropomyosin is held in place by troponin.
