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Year 1- Principles of Normal Function (FOM) > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

How much blood does the average 70kg man have?

A

5L

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2
Q

How much blood in the lungs?

A

1L

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3
Q

How 0much blood in systemic venous circulation? (veins).

A

3L

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4
Q

How much blood in heart and arterial circulation?

A

1L

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5
Q

How much blood does a new-born have?

A

350ml

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6
Q

Name the six functions of blood.

A
  1. Carriage of physiologically active compounds (plasma)
  2. Clotting (platelets)
  3. Defence (white blood cells)
  4. Carriage of gas (red blood cells)
  5. Thermoregulation
  6. Maintenance of ECF pH
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7
Q

Can plasma proteins readily cross the capillary wall?

A

No

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8
Q

Name the four components of blood.

A

Plasma, Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets.

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9
Q

Name the three types of plasma protein.

A

Albumin
Globulin - Subdivided into , ß,  globulins Fibrinogen and other clotting factors

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10
Q

What is the net direction of movement is determined by?

A

Balance between colloid oncotic pressure and capillary hydrostatic pressure

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11
Q

What is Hypoproteinaemia ?

A

Abnormally low levels of circulating plasma protein.

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12
Q

Which is the most abundant plasma protein and how much does it make up?

A

Albumin. 60%

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13
Q

What is albumin responsible for?

A

Generating colloid oncontic pressure.

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14
Q

What does albumin carry around the body?

A

Fat soluble vitamins, steroid hormones

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15
Q

What % of protein plasma do globulin make up?

A

38%

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16
Q

What are the three types of globulin?

A

Alpha, beta and gamma.

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17
Q

Alpha and beta globulin share a similar function to???

A

Albumin. (transports lipids and fat soluable vitamins).

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18
Q

What do gamma globulins do?

A

Another name for antibodies so play a prominent part in fighting infection.

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19
Q

How much of our plasma protein do Fibrinogen and other clotting factors make up?

A

2%.

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20
Q

Are plasma proteins taken up by the cell?

A

No. They perform their functions only in the circulation.

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21
Q

Name some of the causes of hypoproteinaemia

A

Prolonged starvation, kidney disease, liver disease, intestinal disease.

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22
Q

What is a common symptom of hypoproteinaemia?

A

Oedema (build up of fluid) due to loss of oncotic pressure

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23
Q

/Erythrocytes are the technical name for which cell

A

Red blood cells.

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24
Q

Where do all cells in the blood come from?

A

A single population of undifferentiated pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells.

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25
Q

pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells can differentiate to become?

A

Any one of your circulating blood cells.

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26
Q

The differentiation of one of these cells into a blood cell is known as ?

A

Hematopoiesis.

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27
Q

Pluripotent stem cells can become one of two thing. Name them.

A

Uncommitted stem cells or lymphocytes.

28
Q

What are the most abundant blood cells?

A

Red blood cells.

29
Q

What is the life span of a red blood cell?

A

120 days

30
Q

What does the spleen do?

A

Looks for misshapen red blood cells.

31
Q

Is oxyhaemoglobin arterial or venous?

A

Arterial.

32
Q

Is deoxyhaemoglobin arterial or venous?

A

Venous.

33
Q

What hormone accelerated and controls the process of Erythropoiesis?

A

erythropoietin.

34
Q

How much erythropoietin comes from the liver?

A

15%

35
Q

How much erythropoietin comes from the kidneys?

A

85%.

36
Q

What does erythropoietin do?

A

Catalyses (speeds up) the maturation of the uncommitted stem cells

37
Q

The secretion of erythropoietin increases when?

A

There is a decrease in oxygen delivery to the kidney.

38
Q

Why might there be a decrease in the oxygen delivery to the kidney?

A

Haemorrhage (bulk loss of RBC), anaemia, cardiac disfunction, lung disfunction.

39
Q

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

A

Transports oxygen around the body.

40
Q

What is the clinical name for white blood cells?

A

Leukocytes

41
Q

Which have a nucleus- RBC or WBC?

A

WBC

42
Q

Are WBC larger than RBC or smaller?

A

Larger.

43
Q

What process governs the formation of WBC?

A

Leukopoiesis

44
Q

What determines the type of WBc formed?

A

The composition of the cocktail of cytokines.

45
Q

Where are cytokines released from?

A

Mature WBCs.

46
Q

What do cytokines stimulate?

A

Mitosis and maturation of the leukocytes.

47
Q

Which WBC is important in our defence against bacterial infection?

A

Neutrophils.

48
Q

Which WBC is important in our defence against viral infection?

A

Lymphocytes.

49
Q

What allows you to differentiate between infection types?

A

Differential White Cell Count

50
Q

What are platelets?

A

Membrane bound cell fragments which have came from megakaryocytes.

51
Q

What is the life span of platelets?

A

10 days.

52
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

They initiate clotting.

53
Q

What does a haematocrit give you a measurement for in blood samples?

A

% of RBC to whole blood.

54
Q

What % do RBC usually make up of whole blood?

A

Between 40-50%

55
Q

Plasma is what % water?

A

95%.

56
Q

What colour is bilirubin?

A

Yellow.

57
Q

What is bilirubin?

A

A breakdown product of RBC.

58
Q

Define blood viscosity.

A

How thick/sticky blood is compared to water.

59
Q

Why is plasma thicker than water?

A

Presence of plasma protein.

60
Q

Why is whole blood thicker than water?

A

Components of the blood- RBC, WBC, platelets, plasma.

61
Q

How much thicker is plasma than water?

A

1.8 times thicker

62
Q

How much thicker is whole blood than water?

A

3-4 times thicker

63
Q

An increase in temperature does what to viscosity of blood?

A

Decreases viscosity.

64
Q

A decrease in flow rate does what to the viscosity of blood?

A

Increases viscosity.

65
Q

What does colloid oncotic pressure favour?

A

Movement into capillaries

66
Q

What does capillary hydrostatic pressure favour?

A

Movement out of capillaries.

Year 1- Principles of Normal Function (FOM) (21 decks)

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