Blood Flashcards
How much blood does the average 70kg man have?
5L
How much blood in the lungs?
1L
How 0much blood in systemic venous circulation? (veins).
3L
How much blood in heart and arterial circulation?
1L
How much blood does a new-born have?
350ml
Name the six functions of blood.
- Carriage of physiologically active compounds (plasma)
- Clotting (platelets)
- Defence (white blood cells)
- Carriage of gas (red blood cells)
- Thermoregulation
- Maintenance of ECF pH
Can plasma proteins readily cross the capillary wall?
No
Name the four components of blood.
Plasma, Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets.
Name the three types of plasma protein.
Albumin
Globulin - Subdivided into , ß, globulins Fibrinogen and other clotting factors
What is the net direction of movement is determined by?
Balance between colloid oncotic pressure and capillary hydrostatic pressure
What is Hypoproteinaemia ?
Abnormally low levels of circulating plasma protein.
Which is the most abundant plasma protein and how much does it make up?
Albumin. 60%
What is albumin responsible for?
Generating colloid oncontic pressure.
What does albumin carry around the body?
Fat soluble vitamins, steroid hormones
What % of protein plasma do globulin make up?
38%
What are the three types of globulin?
Alpha, beta and gamma.
Alpha and beta globulin share a similar function to???
Albumin. (transports lipids and fat soluable vitamins).
What do gamma globulins do?
Another name for antibodies so play a prominent part in fighting infection.
How much of our plasma protein do Fibrinogen and other clotting factors make up?
2%.
Are plasma proteins taken up by the cell?
No. They perform their functions only in the circulation.
Name some of the causes of hypoproteinaemia
Prolonged starvation, kidney disease, liver disease, intestinal disease.
What is a common symptom of hypoproteinaemia?
Oedema (build up of fluid) due to loss of oncotic pressure
/Erythrocytes are the technical name for which cell
Red blood cells.
Where do all cells in the blood come from?
A single population of undifferentiated pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells.
pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells can differentiate to become?
Any one of your circulating blood cells.
The differentiation of one of these cells into a blood cell is known as ?
Hematopoiesis.
Pluripotent stem cells can become one of two thing. Name them.
Uncommitted stem cells or lymphocytes.
What are the most abundant blood cells?
Red blood cells.
What is the life span of a red blood cell?
120 days
What does the spleen do?
Looks for misshapen red blood cells.
Is oxyhaemoglobin arterial or venous?
Arterial.
Is deoxyhaemoglobin arterial or venous?
Venous.
What hormone accelerated and controls the process of Erythropoiesis?
erythropoietin.
How much erythropoietin comes from the liver?
15%
How much erythropoietin comes from the kidneys?
85%.
What does erythropoietin do?
Catalyses (speeds up) the maturation of the uncommitted stem cells
The secretion of erythropoietin increases when?
There is a decrease in oxygen delivery to the kidney.
Why might there be a decrease in the oxygen delivery to the kidney?
Haemorrhage (bulk loss of RBC), anaemia, cardiac disfunction, lung disfunction.
What is the primary function of red blood cells?
Transports oxygen around the body.
What is the clinical name for white blood cells?
Leukocytes
Which have a nucleus- RBC or WBC?
WBC
Are WBC larger than RBC or smaller?
Larger.
What process governs the formation of WBC?
Leukopoiesis
What determines the type of WBc formed?
The composition of the cocktail of cytokines.
Where are cytokines released from?
Mature WBCs.
What do cytokines stimulate?
Mitosis and maturation of the leukocytes.
Which WBC is important in our defence against bacterial infection?
Neutrophils.
Which WBC is important in our defence against viral infection?
Lymphocytes.
What allows you to differentiate between infection types?
Differential White Cell Count
What are platelets?
Membrane bound cell fragments which have came from megakaryocytes.
What is the life span of platelets?
10 days.
What is the function of platelets?
They initiate clotting.
What does a haematocrit give you a measurement for in blood samples?
% of RBC to whole blood.
What % do RBC usually make up of whole blood?
Between 40-50%
Plasma is what % water?
95%.
What colour is bilirubin?
Yellow.
What is bilirubin?
A breakdown product of RBC.
Define blood viscosity.
How thick/sticky blood is compared to water.
Why is plasma thicker than water?
Presence of plasma protein.
Why is whole blood thicker than water?
Components of the blood- RBC, WBC, platelets, plasma.
How much thicker is plasma than water?
1.8 times thicker
How much thicker is whole blood than water?
3-4 times thicker
An increase in temperature does what to viscosity of blood?
Decreases viscosity.
A decrease in flow rate does what to the viscosity of blood?
Increases viscosity.
What does colloid oncotic pressure favour?
Movement into capillaries
What does capillary hydrostatic pressure favour?
Movement out of capillaries.
