Muscles and tendons pelvic limb Flashcards
What is the name of this muscle? and actions?
Biceps femoris
What is the origin of the biceps femoris (cranial [superficial] head)?
Cranial (superficial) head
Origin
- ventrocaudal end of sacrotuberous ligament and ischial tuberosity
What is the insertion of the biceps femoris (cranial head)?
Insertion
- via aponeurosis to fascia lata and fascia crura, to patellar ligament and tibial tuberosity
What is the origin of the biceps femoris caudal (deep) head?
Caudal (deep) head
Origin
- ischial tuberosity
What is the insertion of the biceps femoris caudal (deep) head?
Insertion
- via aponeurosis to fascia lata and fascia crura to insert on the tibial crest and then continues distally to contribute to the common calcaneal tendon
What is the action of the biceps femoris?
- The cranial head can extend the hip (especially in stance phase), and weakly extend the stifle. The caudal head can flex the stifle (especially at beginning of swing phase) and extend the tarsus.
- Working as a whole the muscle can abduct and extend the entire hindlimb. When the limb is fixed on the ground, this muscle can produce a powerful forwards thrust on the trunk.
What is the name of this muscle? What are its actions?
Semitendinosus
Action
- Extension at the hip joint and tarsus.
- When the limb is off the ground, it is the main flexor of the stifle, drawing the crus backwards and inwards.
What is the origin of semitendinosus?
ischial tuberosity
What is the insertion of semitendinosus?
Insertion: crural fascia, medial and cranial surface of tibia. Unites with tendon of Gracilis to the calcaneal tuberosity, contributes to the calcaneal tendon
What is the name of this muscle?
Semimembranosus
What is the origin of semimembranosus?
ischial tuberosity
What is the insertion of the cranial belly of semimembranosus?
medial condyle and medial lip of femur
What is the insertion of the caudal belly of semimembranosus?
medial condyle of tibia under medial collateral ligament
What are the actions of semimembranosus?
- Cranial head is purely a hip extensor
- caudal head not only extends the hip but flexes the stifle
- When weight-bearing it is a hip extensor
What is the name of this muscle? What is its action?
Sartorius
Action
- flexes the hip and thigh, adducts the thigh and because it fans out at the stifle it extends the stifle.
What is the origin and insertion of the cranial part of sartorius?
Cranial part
- Origin: iliac crest and cranial ventral spine
- Insertion: medial femoral fascia proximal to patella
What is the origin and insertion of the caudal part of sartorius?
Caudal part
- Origin: ridge between ventral iliac spines
- Insertion: fuses with gracilis in crural fascia before inserting into cranial border of tibia
What is the name of this muscle? What are its actions?
Gracilis
Action
- Adduction of the limb; extension of the hip joint; flexion of the stifle; extension of the tarsus
What is the origin of gracilis?
Pelvic symphysis via symphyseal tendon
What is the insertion of gracilis?
- Entire cranial border of tibia
- Spreads out into crural fascia, the caudal border of which forms a well-developed reinforcing band to the common calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon)
What is the name of this muscle?
Pectineus
What is the origin of pectineus?
- Iliopubic eminence of pubis
- Pubic tubercle via the prepubic tendon
What is the insertion of pectineus?
Distal end of the medial lip of the caudal rough face of the femur
What is the action of pectineus?
Adduction of the thigh at hip joint
What is the name of this muscle? What are its actions?
Adductor
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus et brevis
Action
- Adduction of the limb and extension at the hip joint
What is the origin of the adductor?
Pubic tubercle and entire pelvic symphysis
What is the insertion of the adductor?
Entire lateral lip and caudal surface of femur
What is the name of this muscle? What is its action?
Gluteus superficialis (superficial gluteal)
- Extension at the hip joint
What is the origin of gluteus superficialis
Origin
- Cranially from the gluteal fascia and sacral tuber of the Ilium
- Caudally from the sacrotuberous ligament, lateral aspect of sacrum and caudal vertebra 1
What is the insertion of gluteus superficialis?
Distally on the Greater Trochanter of femur (weak third trochanter in dog)
What is the name of this muscle?
Gluteus medius (middle gluteal)
What is the origin of gluteus medius?
- Gluteal surface of ilium
- the iliac crest and sacral tuber
What is the insertion of the gluteus medius?
Greater trochanter of femur
What is the action of the gluteus medius?
Action
- Powerful extension at the hip joint
- Medial rotator of the hip
- Prevents lateral rotation under weight-bearing
What is the name of this muscle?
gluteus profundus (deep gluteal)
what is the origin of gluteus profundus?
Ilium near ischiatic spine
What is the insertion of gluteus profundus?
Cranial aspect of the Greater Trochanter
- Synovial bursa associated with it
What is the action of gluteus profundus?
- Extends hip
- Abducts the limb
- Medially rotates the hip
What is the name of this muscle?
piriformis
What is the origin of piriformis?
- Lateral surface of third sacral and caudal vertebra
- Sacrotuberous ligament
What is the insertion of piriformis?
Greater Trochanter of femur
What is the action of piriformis?
Extends the hip joint
What is the name of this muscle?
Tensor fascia latae
What is the origin of the tensor fascia latae?
- Tuber coxae of ilium
- aponeurosis of Gluteus medius
What is the insertion of the tensor fascia latae?
Inserts into and contributes to the lateral
femoral fascia
= fascia lata
What are the two parts of the tensor fascia latae?
- Cranial, more superficial part radiates over the quadriceps femoris complex
- Caudal part runs laterally deep to Biceps femoris
What is the action of the tensor fascia lata?
- Flexion at hip joint
- Abduction of the limb
- Extension of stifle joint via tensing of the lateral fascia
What are the four parts of the quadriceps femoris and what joints do they cross?
- Rectus femoris (hip and stifle)
- Vastus lateralis (stifle only)
- Vastus intermedius (stifle only)
- Vastus medialis (stifle only)
See image lateral and cranial views.
What is the name of this muscle group in the pelvic limb (cranial)?
quadriceps femoris
What is the origin of rectus femoris?
- body of the ilium just cranial to the acetabulum
What is the insertion of the rectus femoris?
- via patellar ligament on the tibial tuberosity
See diagram (medial view)
What is the action of rectus femoris?
- flex the hip
- extend the stifle via its common insertion of the quadriceps tendon
What is this muscle called (lateral view pelvic limb)?
Vastus lateralis
What is the origin and insertion of vastus lateralis?
Origin
- craniolateral part of proximal 1/5th of the femur
Insertion
- via patellar ligament on the tibial tuberosity; unites with joint capsule
What is the action of vastus lateralis?
Extension of the stifle via its common insertion of the quadriceps tendon
What is the origin and insertion of vastus medialis (left limb medial view)?
Origin
- Proximal part of the medial lip of the femur
- iupper craniomedial 1/5th of femur
Insertion
- patella
- tibial tuberosity
What is the origin and insertion of vastus intermedius (deep cranial view)?
Origin
- with vastus lateralis and proximolateral part of femur
Insertion
- vastus medialis and quadriceps tendon
What is the action of all four parts of quadriceps femoris at the stifle?
extension at the stifle joint
What is the action of the internal and external obturators at the hip joint?
Rotate pelvic limb laterally at hip joint
What is the origin of the internal obturator (obturator internus)?
Pelvic surface of pubis and ischium medial to obturator foramen
What is the origin of the external obturator?
Ventral surface of pelvis adjacent to pubic symphysis
Where do both the internal and external obturator muscles insert?
Trochanteric fossa
What are these muscles that laterally rotate the thigh called? What is their origin and insertion?
Gemelli.
Origin
- Lateral surface of ramus of ischium
Insertion
- Trochanteric fossa
What is this muscle that laterally rotates the thigh called? What is its origin and insertion?
Quadratus femoris
Origin
- Ventral surface of ischium
Insertion
- Intertrochanteric crest
