muscles

Question 1

what are anti-gravity muscles?

Answer 1

the muscles that work to help keep up sitting/standing

Question 2

what are vital muscles?

Answer 2

involuntary muscles that keep us alive

ex.) heart

Question 3

what are prime movers?

Answer 3

muscles that are isolated in specific sports

Question 4

name a sport where wrist flexors/extensors are important.

Answer 4

tennis

Question 5

categorize wrist flexors and extensors as posterior or anterior.

Answer 5

wrist flexors: anterior

wrist extensors: posterior

Question 6

what is the pronator teres?

Answer 6

pronates the radius over the ulna

Question 7

what is the supinator teres?

Answer 7

supinates the radius to be parallel to the ulna

Question 8

why do athletes workout their shoulder and neck muscles?

Answer 8

• protection of the neck

- stabilizes body

Question 9

what is the latissimus dorsi?

Answer 9

back muscles

Question 10

what are the rhomboids major and minor?

Answer 10

the muscle that adducts the scapula

Question 11

why are the abdominal muscles important?

Answer 11

protects our vital organs

Question 12

what are the 4 muscles of the quadriceps?

Answer 12

internal:
vastus internus and vastus intermedius

external:
rectus femoris and vastus externus

Question 13

what is the gastrocnemius?

Answer 13

the calf muscle

Question 14

what is the most common injury of the tibialis anterior

Answer 14

shin splints

Question 15

what is the peroneus longus?

Answer 15

the big toe flexor

Question 16

what is the meaning of myo?

Answer 16

muscle

Question 17

what is hyperthermia and hypothermia?

Answer 17

hyperthermia: overheating
hypothermia: frostbite/freezing

Question 18

what are 4 properties of a muscle?

Answer 18

1. excitability
2. contractability
3. extensibility (muscle lengthening)
4. elasticity (muscle stretching)

Question 19

what are the 3 types of muscles?

Answer 19

1. smooth (stomach)
2. cardiac (muscle walls)
3. skeletal

Question 20

what is sarcolemma?

Answer 20

membrane of a muscle cell

Question 21

what is sarcoplasm?

Answer 21

fluid in the muscle cell

Question 22

what is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 22

stores calcium

Question 23

what is vasodilation?

Answer 23

when blood vessels expand

Question 24

what is vasoconstriction?

Answer 24

when blood vessels contract

Question 25

name the different sections within a skeletal muscle, largest to smallest.

Answer 25

skeletal muscle tissue
muscle fibers
myofibrils
myofilaments (myosin and actin)

Question 26

what is endomysium?

Answer 26

connective tissue surrounding muscle fibres

Question 27

what is a fascicle?

Answer 27

a bundle of muscle fibres

Question 28

what is perimysium?

Answer 28

connective tissue surrounding a fascicle

Question 29

what is the epimysium?

Answer 29

connective tissue surrounding the whole muscle

Question 30

what are microfilaments?

Answer 30

• smallest structure

- muscle contractions begin here

Question 31

what is a sarcomere?

Answer 31

the distance between two Z lines

Question 32

what are the 4 steps of the sliding filament theory?

Answer 32

1. rest (homeostasis)
   - ATP is stored
   - actin and myosin are separated
   - calcium is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum
2. excitation
   - impulse reaches the muscle
   - calcium is released
   - actin is activated and slides towards myosin
   - ATP is still stored
3. contraction
   - ATP is released
   - actin moves over myosin becoming actomyosin
4. relaxation
   - nerve impulses stop
   - calcium is removed by a pump