bioenergetics

Question 1

what is energy?

Answer 1

the ability to do work

Question 2

what are 2 types of reactions that can occur?

Answer 2

1. exergonic reaction

2. endergonic reaction

Question 3

what is an exergonic reaction?

Answer 3

when a reaction releases energy

AB -> A + B + energy

Question 4

what is an endergonic reaction?

Answer 4

when a reaction requires energy

A + B + energy -> AB

Question 5

what is resynthesis?

Answer 5

rebuilding

Question 6

what is synthesis?

Answer 6

making

Question 7

what is the ATP exergonic reaction?

Answer 7

ATP -> ADP + phosphate + energy

Question 8

what is anaerobic? what type of fibres does it use?

Answer 8

• when oxygen is not used
• used for short endurance
• fast twitch fibres used

Question 9

what is aerobic? what type of fibres does it use?

Answer 9

• when oxygen is used
• used for long endurance
• slow twitch fibres used

Question 10

what is hypoxia?

Answer 10

when a muscle is deficit in oxygen

Question 11

what are the 3 energy systems?

Answer 11

1. phosphagen
2. anaerobic glycolysis
3. aerobic/oxidative phosphorylation

Question 12

what is the phosphagen system?

Answer 12

• also called anaerobic alactic
• the 1st energy system, “the start up”
• lasts 10 seconds, on average
• releases ATP energy
• creatine phosphate rebuilds energy

Question 13

what does alactic mean?

Answer 13

no oxygen or lactic acid

Question 14

what is anaerobic glycolysis?

Answer 14

• the 2nd energy system used
• breaks down glycogen for fuel
• lactic acid is produced and builds up

Question 15

what is lactic acid?

Answer 15

product of anaerobic glycolysis that causes the burning sensation during exercise

Question 16

what is the aerobic system?

Answer 16

• used when duration is greater than intensity
• uses 2 fuels: stored fat and glycogen
• oxidative: oxygen to break down and rebuild ATP

Question 17

how can we increase glycogen storage levels?

Answer 17

because glycogen is stored in our muscles, increasing strength and growing muscles will increase storage

Question 18

what is the pH level of our bodies in homeostasis?

Answer 18

7.1

Question 19

what happens to your muscle when you are anorexic?

Answer 19

the body uses heart muscle for fuel because there is no fat

Question 20

while working out, what type of fat does our body use for fuel?

Answer 20

breaks down triglycerides into free fatty acids for our muscles

Question 21

how many glucose/glycogen are broken down during aerobic exercise?

Answer 21

38 glucose, 39 glycogen

Question 22

how many glucose/glycogen are broken down during anaerobic exercise?

Answer 22

2 glucose, 3 glycogen

Question 23

what is the krebs cycle?

Answer 23

• occurs during aerobic exercise in the mitochondria

- a series of chemical reactions in which products of carbohydrate breakdown produces CO2 and H+, CO2 is released

Question 24

what are the 3 steps of the krebs cycle?

Answer 24

step 1: pyruvic acid (glycolysis product) enters the cycle
step 2: CO2 is released and eliminated by the lungs
step 3: oxidation occurs, H+ and electrons are removed from cycle and enter the electron transport system

Question 25

what is the electron transport system?

Answer 25

• second series of chemical reactions in which H+ and electrons are transferred and combines with oxygen to form water

Question 26

what are the 3 steps of the electron transport system?

Answer 26

step 1: H+ and electrons from krebs cycle enter the electron transport system with high potential energy
step 2: H+ and electrons are transported to the oxygen we breathe to form water
step 3: at the same time, ATP is formed in coupled reactions

Question 27

what is the principle of coupled reactions?

Answer 27

• 2 reactions that are linked together
• energy required for ATP resynthesis comes from 3 series series of chemical reactions (phosphagen, glycolysis, aerobic)
• energy releases from any system is coupled with energy required to resynthesize ATP