Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chiropractic Tech IV > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Patterns of muscular imbalance (tightness/weakness) can impact…

A

joint motion, stability, posture, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is isometric contraction?

A

No movement takes place, load on the muscle exceeds the tension generated by the contracting muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is concentric contraction?

A

Muscle shortens against an opposing load

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is eccentric contraction?

A

Muscle lengthens as it resists a load

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Initiation of movement involves what type of muscle contraction?

A

Concentric contraction; origin and insertion approximate during contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Control of movement involves what type of muscle contraction?

A

Eccentric contraction; origin and insertion separate during contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which muscles initiate extension from upright position?

A

Erector spinae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which muscle control extension from upright position?

A

Abdominals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the limitations of extension from upright position?

A
  • Bony impaction (SPs, facets)
  • Smaller contribution from ligaments (ALL, anterior annulus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which muscles initiate flexion from upright position?

A

Iliopsoas (when femur is fixed)
Abdominals (if pelvis is fixed, as in a sit up from supine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which muscles control flexion from upright position?

A

Mostly gluteus maximus and hamstrings early, then after 60 degrees, erector spinae primarily (until 90 degrees)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the limitations of flexion from upright position?

A
  • Facet joints and capsule
  • Disc and ligaments (LF, PLL, interspinous ligaments)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What muscle initiates lateral flexion from upright?

A

Ipsilateral quadratus lumborum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What muscles control lateral flexion from upright?

A

Contralateral quadratus lumborum and contralateral psoas major

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the limitations of lateral flexion from upright?

A
  • Ipsilateral facet impaction
  • Contralateral facet capsule
  • Lumbar facets
  • Intertransverse ligaments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What muscles initiate rotation?

A

Concentric contraction of contralateral external abdominal obliques, multifidi, and rotatores

17
Q

What muscles control rotation?

A

Eccentric contraction of ipsilateral multifidi and rotatores

18
Q

What are the limitations of rotation?

A
  • Shape and orientation of facets, facet capsules, and interspinous ligaments
  • Disc (annulus)
19
Q

What is an agonist?

A

Muscle that is the prime mover

20
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

Stabilizer, allows extremity to return to normal position

21
Q

What is a synergists?

A

Help agonists with desired motion

22
Q

What is a stabilizer?

A

Maintain body position to allow motion to occur

23
Q

What are four examples of agonist/antagonist pairs?

A
  • Biceps/triceps
  • Abdominals/spinal erectors
  • Quadriceps/hamstrings
  • Grastrocnemius/tibialis anterior
24
Q

What is Sherrington’s law?

A

“Law of reciprocal inhibition”
When contraction of a muscle is stimulated there is simultaneous inhibition of its antagonist

25
Q

How do agonist/antagonist pairs often present clinically?

A

Patterns of over/under activation create faulty movement patterns

26
Q

Some muscles tend toward hyperactivity/hypertonicity, others toward…

A

inhibition/hypotonicity

27
Q

Both hyperactivity/hypertonicity and inhibition/hypotonicity can be caused by…

A

repetitive use, stress, neurological coordination, postural strain, trauma, etc.

28
Q

If muscle imbalance is not addressed, what is likely to happen?

A

Self-perpetuating, will continue to progress if not addressed

29
Q

Muscle imbalance can in turn affect…

A

joint movement

30
Q

Describe patterns of hypertonicity

A

Varies between patients
Patterns are common based on typical movement/positional stresses in most patient populations BUT may differ based on specific activities

31
Q

How is muscle tone determined?

A
  • Ability of the muscle to lengthen (movement based assessment)
  • Deformation of the muscle at rest
32
Q

What is normal muscle tone?

A
  • Relative not absolute
  • Compare side to side
  • Compare agonist/antagonist
33
Q

What is a myofascial trigger point?

A

A focus of hyperirritability in muscular or fascial tissue.
When compressed, it is locally tender, and gives rise to referred pain and tenderness.

Chiropractic Tech IV (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions