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Chiropractic Tech IV > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

What term best describes a change in length of a ligament or joint capsule when a continuous of sustained force is applied to it?

A

Creep

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2
Q

A doctor reports, “irritation of the nerves from subluxations (joint dysfunction) in your lower spine may be the cause of your menstrual pain.”
Which reflex are they referring to?

A

Somatico-visceral reflex

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3
Q

Creating relative extension preload (with 3-finger palpation) prior to adjusting the downwards sacroiliac joint, when our patient is lying with right side down, is most like what assessment procedure?

A

Asking the patient to raise the left knee while palpating her right SI in standing Gillet’s test

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4
Q

What listings may be adjusted with an L2 contact, pisiform spinous push, patient right side up?

A

L2/L3 right rotation restriction/right lateral flexion restriction
PRS L2

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5
Q

If you could give only one brief piece of advice to your habitually slumping patient with back and neck pain, what would it be?

A

Sit and stand tall

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6
Q

If a patient:

  • spends many hours at a computer
  • has thoracolumbar region stiffness and achiness
  • symptoms worsened by sitting and relieved with yoga
  • symptoms do not radiate
  • coughing or sneezing does not increase pain
  • thoracolumbar range of motion is mildly limited
  • mild to moderate thoracolumbar paraspinal muscle hypertonicity is found

Then what is the most sensible beginning diagnostic impression?

A

Thoracolumbar joint dysfunction

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7
Q

Eccentric contraction of the left QL muscle would control what trunk motion from the upright position?

A

Right lateral flexion

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8
Q

Which term would best help to quantify a diagnostic finding?

A

Size

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9
Q

How can subjective complaints be measured?

A

Assigned by utilizing:

  • Visual analog scale
  • Verbal analog scale
  • Oswestry Low Back Disability scale

(all of the above)

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10
Q

In the gait cycle, heel strike and toe off are both in the category of…

A

double support

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11
Q

When performing a side-lying hypothenar/sacral base push for a lumbosacral extension, why do we roll the patient forward as a unit?

A

To apply a safe and ergonomically sound P to A thrust to the sacral base

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12
Q

During gait, a hyperpronated foot/ankle will cause internal rotation of the tibia and femur.
This occurs due to the presence of…

A

a closed kinetic chain in the single support phase

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13
Q

You have decided to alter your spinal manipulation technique to better accommodate the anatomical limitations of your 81-year-old patient.
Which condition would most likely have influenced this decision?

A

Osteoporosis

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14
Q

True or False:
If a patient complains of multiple symptoms of arthritis, but her x-rays show few degenerative changes, she is almost certainly malingering (pretending symptoms for secondary gain, such as falsified disability).

A

False

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15
Q

What is the patient positioning for hypothenar (pisiform) spinous push to create left rotation/left lateral flexion in combination at L2/L3?

A

Right side-lying position (left side up)

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16
Q

The Gonstead spinous listing of L2 PLS could be corrected with which adjustive procedure?

A

Side-lying hypothenar/spinous push for same side rotation/lateral flexion combination

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17
Q

What statement best defines Sherrington’s Law of reciprocal inhibition (law of reciprocal innervation)?

A

Increased hypertonicity of the agonist causes further weakness (inhibition) in the antagonist

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18
Q

Which of these exhibits the least fear avoidance behavior?
1. “I need you to do your magic, you’re the expert not me”
2. “I need advice on things I can do for myself to get through this”
3. “Every time I exercise it hurts, none of these please”
4. “My hip clicked a little last night. Do you think it went out and I’ll be back on crutches?”

A
  1. “I need advice on things I can do for myself to get through this”
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19
Q

Trunk extension motion is initiated with…

A

isotonic contraction of erector spinae

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20
Q

Which postural (tonic) muscle/phasic muscles (in that order) is also involved in lower crossed syndrome?

A

Iliopsoas/gluteus maximus

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21
Q

If we apply true static concepts, the procedure “side-lying calcaneus/sacral apex push for downside SI extension” is not an appropriate procedure to correct the static listing PI ilium because…

A

you would need to correct the misaligned ilium to correct static listing, which you do not do when performing that named adjective procedure

22
Q

We have been able to assess and adjust for the movements of unilateral lumbosacral flexion and extension by virtue of which theoretical concept?

A

The oblique axis of the sacrum

23
Q

In disc herniation terminology, an extruded disc that has separated from its parent disc, creating a free nuclear fragment is called…

A

nuclear sequestration

24
Q

What is an example of a subjective finding?

A

Pain

25
Q

What is the segmental contact point when adjusting to correct for a right unilateral lumbosacral flexion restriction?

A

Left side sacral apex

26
Q

What best describes the procedure we use to perform a prone reinforced calcaneus/SI joint line push with gravity assist to correct a sacroiliac rotation restriction?

A

Preload the joint in the direction of desired motion (internal rotation) and apply a gravity-assisted impulse

27
Q

True or False:
A viscero-somatic reflex chart can help you identify referred pain patterns in your patients which may be of non-musculoskeletal origin

A

True

28
Q

The biopsychosocial model of low back disorders was created to help clinicians…

A

take into account the totality of a patient’s life when considering the origin and/or persistence of their pain and disability

29
Q

Which of these chiropractic clinic would most likely utilize a biopsychosocial approach to patient care?
1. Pop and go chiro “2 minute adjustments we don’t waste your time?”
2. Dr. Crunch “Weekly body alignment package special ends Labor Day!”
3. Dr. Jack’s Crack Shack “Back out of whack? Come get a crack”
4. Main street comprehensive spinal care “We treat you as a person”

A
  1. Main street comprehensive spinal care “We treat you as a person”
30
Q

Counter nutation of the sacrum is associated with which of the following motions?

A

Flexion of the L/S junction and extension of the SI joint

31
Q

Which term could be used when referring to lumbar spine x-rays that show degenerative disc disease?

A

Objective findings

32
Q

As the intervertebral disc changes with age, the distinction between the nucleus and annulus becomes less apparent.
This is partly due to…

A

the thickening of nuclear collagen fibers and the thinning of those in the annulus

33
Q

“Hurt does not necessarily mean there is harm.”
You might say this to a patient with moderate back pain, in an effort to reassure him, if…

A

he is afraid to move at all, for fear he will just get worse

34
Q

Patient findings must be qualified and quantified to give them meaning. Which of the following does not belong in the qualify category?
1. Color
2. Shape
3. Texture
4. Blood pressure

A
  1. Blood pressure
35
Q

Which of these patients might most benefit from a side-lying calcaneus/sacral apex push for lumbosacral flexion?
1. Sits at desk all day with a “rounded” (flexed) lumbar spine
2. Forward head carriage and upper crossed syndrome
3. Crossing guard with lower crossed syndrome, including a significant hyperlordosis
4. Roofing contractor with a posterior pelvic tilt and L5 flexion malposition

A
  1. Crossing guard with lower crossed syndrome, including a significant hyperlordosis
36
Q

Which of these patients most likely has chronic systemic inflammation?
1. “Pear-shaped” physique
2. 44 inch waist and high blood pressure
3. Athletic trainer with high HDL cholesterol, loves bagels with cream cheese
4. Drenches salads in olive oil

A
  1. 44 inch waist and high blood pressure
37
Q

True or False:
Your patient, who is in visible distress with a flexion antalgia, complains of severe lower back pain, 8/10 on verbal scale. He is able to bend forward 45 degrees of flexion, but cannot stand erect due to pain.
This encounter involves all four of these patient assessment terms: subjective, objective, signs, and symptoms.

A

True

38
Q

If a patient:

  • lifts a heavy object bent at the waist and twists hearing a pop
  • has a jab or pain locally
  • then has an ache worsened through the day
  • pain does not improve and now is a deep ache in lumbar region
  • sitting makes it worse, as does coughing or sneezing
  • pain in the right buttock, but no leg pain
  • prior back injuries, each much milder and resolving without care

Then what is the most likely cause of their pain?

A

Contained disc lesion

39
Q

True or False:
Although osteoarthritis is considered a non-inflammatory joint disorder, diet-induced chronic systemic inflammation can worsen symptoms

A

True

40
Q

What is the vector of correction (line of drive) for a side lying hypothenar/spinous process push performed to correct an L2/L3 left lateral flexion restriction?

A

Left to right and P to A

41
Q

If a patient:

  • steps off a curb and experiences immediate pain at the right PSIS
  • the pain is worst when he steps out of his truck
  • has a right sacroiliac sprain
  • full flexion of the right hip is not painful, but extension produces sharp pain
  • lying prone is uncomfortable
  • there is left SI extension restriction
  • he can tolerate HVLA

Which adjective procedure should you perform to correct this restriction?

A

Side-lying calcaneus/sacral apex push to induce left SI (relative) extension, right side up

42
Q

Which statement most accurately connects pelvic function and gait?

A

The sacrum laterally flexes towards the side of the loading response

43
Q

What term best describes asymmetry between right and left articulating facets in the lumbar spine?

A

Facet tropism

44
Q

The progressive decrease in range of motion of the aging lumbar spine is primarily due to the stiffening of the…

A

intervertebral disc

45
Q

Decreasing body mass index helps decrease joint pain by what mechanism?

A
  • Less expression of inflammatory mediators from adipocytes
  • Decreased mechanical load on joints
  • Better overall health encourages movement

(all of the above)

46
Q

The adjustive procedure we learned to correct a unilateral PS sacrum in the prone position involves…

A

an inferior (inside) hand reinforced hypothenar/ipsilateral sacral base contact

47
Q

Heat, redness, swelling, pain, and loss of function are considered the “pillars” of what?

A

Inflammation

48
Q

Which of these is an example of a viscero-somatic reflex?
1. A heart attack causing left arm and jaw pain
2. Bowel distress due to anxiety over an exam
3. Low back muscle spasms causing constipation
4. Event is triggered by pulling your grandfather’s finger

A
  1. A heart attack causing left arm and jaw pain
49
Q

What is the correct order of the negative cascade (in the direction of initiation to end result) as described by Palmer/Kirkaldy-Willis/Schneider?

A

Hypertonic muscles, joint dysfunction, instability, stabilization

50
Q

Which structure is the “weakest link” (structure most likely to fail) under sudden axial compressive loading in an 85-year-old?

A

Weakened cancellous bone structure with resulting vertebral body compression fracture

Chiropractic Tech IV (11 decks)

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