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chiropractic tech iv > Lumbar > Flashcards

Lumbar Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three divisions of the lumbar vertebrae?

A
  • Vertebral body
  • Pedicles
  • Posterior elements
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2
Q

Which division of the lumbar vertebrae are designed for weight bearing?

A

Vertebral body

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3
Q

What are the posterior elements of the lumbar vertebrae?

A
  • Laminae
  • Articular processes
  • Spinous processes
  • Transverse processes
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4
Q

What is the connection between body and posterior elements?

A

Pedicles

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5
Q

Where does the strength of the lumbar vertebral body come from?

A

Multidirectional pattern of trabeculae

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6
Q

Lumbar vertebral bodies are slightly deformable in response to…

A

loading (some shock absorption)

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7
Q

In the lumbar spine, pedicles are…

A

short and strong

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8
Q

The intervertebral foramen is formed between…

A

the pedicles

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9
Q

Superior and inferior facets on the articular processes form what joint?

A

Zygapophyseal joint

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10
Q

Orientation of articular facets in lumbar spine helps prevent…

A

excess translational and rotational movement

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11
Q

Where is pars interarticularis?

A

Runs obliquely from lateral border or vertically oriented lamina and connects to the horizontally oriented pedicle

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12
Q

Injury to pars can result in…

A

spondylolisthesis

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13
Q

Pars interarticularis injury is commonly found in…

A

adolescent athletes (ie. repeated extension)

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14
Q

What are the three joints of the articular triad?

A
  • Two true diarthrodial synovial zygapophyseal joints
  • One amphiarthrodial cartilaginous joint
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15
Q

The intervertebral disc includes what two parts?

A
  • Nucleus pulposis
  • Annulus fibrosis
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16
Q

What are the contents of the nucleus pulposus?

A

Semi-fluid mass with cartilage and collagen in ground substance

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17
Q

The nucleus pulposus is a remnant of…

A

notochord

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18
Q

What can cause deformation of nucleus pulposus? How is volume affected?

A

Derformable under pressure but volume is not compressed

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19
Q

What are the contents of annulus fibrosis?

A

Collagen fibers arranged concentrically with alternation orientation

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20
Q

What types of cartilage are found at the vertebral endplates?

A

Hyaline and fibrocartilage

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21
Q

The vertebral endplates are vulnerable with…

A

axial loading

22
Q

What are the two main functions of the disc?

A

Weight bearing and movement

23
Q

Weight bearing and shock absorption involve what components of the disc?

A

All components

24
Q

Which component of the disc resists buckling?

A

Annulus fibrosis (relatively stiff)

25
Q

What is the function of annulus fibrosis in movement?

A

Acts similarly to ligamentous structures to restrain and stabilize joint movement
All fibers will resist distraction by alternating orientation of the fibers

26
Q

Both weight bearing and movement aspects of IVD function are ultimately designed to…

A

dissipate mechanical stress

27
Q

Spinal compression is resulting from…

A
  • Body weight
  • Weight held by arms and hands
28
Q

When standing upright, where is total body center of gravity?

A

Anterior to the spinal column

29
Q

When standing upright, the spine is placed under constant… movement

A

forward bending movement

30
Q

What is the function of the facets?

A

Primarily guidance of motion, not weight bearing

31
Q

The facets limit ___ of the superior vertebra

A

anterior motion

32
Q

When seated, nearly all weight is carried by…

A

discs and vertebral bodies

33
Q

When standing, 20% of body weight is…

A

transferred to the facets

34
Q

About 75% of trunk flexion/extension occurs in…

A

lumbar spine

35
Q

Which vertebral level of the lumbar spine has the greatest combined flexion/extension?

A

L5-S1 (17 degrees)

36
Q

Which vertebral level of the lumbar spine has the least combined flexion/extension?

A

L1-L2 (12 degrees)

37
Q

Which vertebral level of the lumbar spine has the greatest unilateral lateral flexion?

A

L3-L4 (8 degrees)

38
Q

Which vertebral level of the lumbar spine has the least unilateral lateral flexion?

A

L5-S1 (3 degrees)

39
Q

Which vertebral level of the lumbar spine has the least unilateral axial rotation?

A

L5-S1 (1 degree)

40
Q

L1-L5 vertebral levels all have ___ degrees of unilateral axial rotation

A

2

41
Q

In cervical spine, rotation of the vertebra is ___ the side of lateral flexion

A

towards

42
Q

In thoracic spine, rotation of the vertebra is ___ with lateral flexion

A

variable
T1-4 behave more like cervicals

43
Q

In lumbar spine, bodies rotate ___ the side of lateral flexion

A

away from

44
Q

Arthrokinematics refers to…

A

joint movement

45
Q

Osteokinematics refers to…

A

bone movement

46
Q

In flexion from an upright position, the stability of the spine is maintained mostly by…

A

the facets

47
Q

Resistance to flexion is:
39% from ___
29% from ___
19% from ___
13% from ___

A

39% from facet joints and their capsules
29% from discs (annulus)
19% from supra and interspinous ligaments
13% from ligamentum flavum

48
Q

Extension is limited mostly by…

A

bony impaction (not ligamentous and capsular tension)

49
Q

Resistance to rotational torque comes mostly from…

A

posterior elements

50
Q

Resistance to rotation torque is:
65% from ___
35% from ___

A

65% from facet capsules, facet impaction, and interspinous ligaments
35% from discs (annulus)

chiropractic tech iv (6 decks)

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