CT and Inflammation

Question 1

Creep, hysteresis, and set are all examples of…

Answer 1

changes that can occur in the connective tissues with loading and unloading

Question 2

Connective tissue deformation can be due to…

Answer 2

posture, repetitive motions, ADLs, etc.
Macro or microtrauma

Question 3

What is creep?

Answer 3

Progressive deformation (change in length) of a viscoelastic structure when a sustained force is applied to it

Question 4

Which structures can be affected by creep?

Answer 4

Ligaments, capsule, disc, fascia

Question 5

Creep involves gradual rearrangement of…

Answer 5

collagen, proteoglycans, and water

Question 6

Effects of creep vary with…

Answer 6

age, injury, and disease

Question 7

What can lead to creep?

Answer 7

• ADLs (especially if performed with poor body mechanics)
• Postural syndromes
• Lifestyle habits
• Work specific activities/positions

Question 8

What is hysteresis?

Answer 8

Deformation of tissue from repeated loading and unloading

Question 9

Hysteresis reflects ___ due to ___

Answer 9

loss of energy due to strain placed on the tissue

Question 10

With hysteresis, strain is placed on which parts of the tissue?

Answer 10

Collagen, proteoglycans, and water content

Question 11

What can lead to hysteresis?

Answer 11

• ADLs
• Lifestyle habits
• Work specific activities

Question 12

What is set?

Answer 12

The measurable difference between the original shape or length of the tissue and the final shape or length of the tissue

Question 13

Following changes, the tissue is more…

Answer 13

susceptible to injury

Question 14

Is restoration and rearrangement of collagen and proteoglycans possible?

Answer 14

Yes, over time

Question 15

Changes in the arrangement and behavior of tissues can affect future…

Answer 15

response to tissue deformation

Question 16

What are the five signs or inflammation?

Answer 16

• Calor (heat)
• Rubor (redness)
• Tumor (swelling)
• Dolor (pain)
• Functio laesa (loss of function)

Question 17

What are the two patterns of inflammation?

Answer 17

Acute or chronic

Question 18

What is acute inflammation a response to?

Answer 18

Tissue damage after trauma:
Biochemical changes, adhesion formation, scar tissue formation

Question 19

What is chronic inflammation a response to?

Answer 19

Tissue damage from lifestyle factors, diet, or systemic causes
Can be associated with other diseases or conditions

Question 20

Acute inflammation of a tissue can reduce…

Answer 20

elasticity, mobility, strength

Question 21

Which type of inflammation can contribute to MSK complaints?

Answer 21

Chronic inflammation can contribute to chronicity in MSK complaints

Question 22

What can present with peripheral nerve entrapments?

Answer 22

Pain, paresthesias, motor loss along a peripheral nerve distribution

Question 23

What is piriformis syndrome and how can it present?

Answer 23

Peripheral entrapment of the sciatic nerve that can present with shooting pain along the sciatic distribution (past the knee)

Question 24

Which findings will determine joint dysfunction/subluxation?

Answer 24

PART findings