Crossed Syndromes & Biopsychosocial Model Flashcards
In upper crossed syndrome, cervical flexors are…
under-activated (weak)
In upper crossed syndrome, sub-occipitals, upper trapezius, and levator scapulae are…
over-activated (tight)
In upper crossed syndrome, pectoralis is…
over-activated (tight)
In upper crossed syndrome, rhomboids, mid and lower trapezius, and serratus anterior are…
under-activated (weak)
If anterior stabilizer and head/neck extensors are hypertonic, while posterior stabilizer and deep neck flexors are hypotonic, what is suspected?
Upper crossed syndrome
What are postural distortions of upper crossed syndrome?
- Forward head carriage, often with C0/C1 hyperextension
- Forward drawn or rounded shoulders
- Increased interscapular distance (bilateral abduction), often with scapular winging
What other body system might be affected by upper crossed syndrome?
Respiratory
In lower crossed syndrome, abdominals are…
under activated (weak)
In lower cross syndrome, thoraco-lumbar extensors are…
over-activated (tight)
In lower cross syndrome, hip flexors (iliopsoas and rectus femoris) are…
over-activated (tight)
In lower cross syndrome, gluteals are…
under-activated (weak)
If there is imbalanced resting muscle tone between trunk flexors and extensors, and hip joint flexors and extensors, what is suspected?
Lower crossed syndrome
Imbalance related to lower crossed syndrome can impact…
standing posture, gait, bending are/or twisting activities
Which syndrome’s imbalance causes altered load distribution to the lumbar facets?
Lower crossed syndrome (especially to L4/5, L5/S1 facets)
Substitution of overactive trunk extensors for underactive hip extensors stresses… potentially causing…
stresses the lumbo-sacral joint potentially causing instability and pain
What is the presentation of lower crossed syndrome?
- Anterior pelvic tilt (can be asymmetrical)
- Hyperlordotic lumbar spine
- Hyperextended knee joints
- Valgus stress at ankles (pronated feet, loss of plantar arch)
What is a kinetic chain?
A combination of several successively arranged joints constituting a complex motor unit (referring to the extemities)
What are the two types of kinetic chain?
Open: the terminal segment is freely moveable
Closed: the terminal segment is fixed or meets considerable resistance
In the biopsychosocial model venn diagram, biological, psychological, and social factors overlap to contribute to…
pain
What are four somatic factors to the biological aspect of the BPS model?
- Disc derangement (contained/uncontained lesion)
- Joint dysfunction
- Radiculopathy
- Myofascial pain (trigger points)
What are three neurophysiological factors of the biological aspect of the BPS model?
- Instability, dynamic and passive
- Nociceptive system sensitization
- Systemic inflammation
Fear, catastrophizing, and passive coping are all factors of what aspect of the BPS model?
Psychological
Poor self-efficacy, depression, and hypervigilance are all factors of what aspect of the BPS model?
Psychological
What are the factors of the social aspect of the BPS model?
The context in which all else occurs:
* Work
* Needless disability
* Home life
* Social support
* Litigation
