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Anatomy & Physiology > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Myo

A

Muscle

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2
Q

Sarco

A

Muscle cell

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3
Q

3 types of muscle

A

Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal

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4
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Involuntary
No striations
Spindle shaped cells
Single nucleus

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5
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Involuntary
Striations
Intercalated disks
Single nucleus
Branching cells

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6
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

Striated
Voluntary
Multiple nuclei

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7
Q

Attachments of skeletal muscles

A

Tendon
Aponeurosis

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8
Q

Tendon

A

CT bands
Connect muscle to bone

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9
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Broad sheets of CT
Attach muscle to bone or another muscle

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10
Q

OIA

A

Origin
Insertion
Action

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11
Q

Skeletal Muscle COntrations

A

Prime mover(agonist)
Antagonist
Synergist
Fixator

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12
Q

Prime mover(agonist)

A

Principal muscle that preforms the action

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13
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle that opposes the action of the prime mover
Can smooth out movements

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14
Q

Synergist

A

Assists the prime mover

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15
Q

Fixator

A

Stabilizes joints during movements

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16
Q

Muscle fiber

A

Skeletal muscle cell; very long
Cylindrical
Multiple nuclei

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17
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Plasma membrane

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18
Q

Myofibrils

A

1000s in one fiber

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19
Q

Myofilaments

A

Proteins in myofibril
Contains actin and myosin

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20
Q

Sarcomere

A

Contractile unit
Myofilaments line up in the myofibril
Lay end to end in the myofibril

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21
Q

I band

A

Light band
Actin Myofilaments
Z-line in the middle

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22
Q

A-band

A

Dark bands
Myosin filaments
Overlapping actin Myofilaments
H-zone(only myosin)
M-line(myosin attaches)

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23
Q

Z line

A

Actin filaments attach
Middle of I-band

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24
Q

M line

A

Myosin filaments attach
Middle of a-band and h-zone

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25
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

Cytoplasm

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26
Q

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum(SR)

A

Stores calcium

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27
Q

T Tubules( Transverse tubules)

A

Extensions of sarcolemma
Close association w/SR

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28
Q

Fascicles

A

Groups of muscle fibers

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29
Q

Muscle

A

Multiple fascicles

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30
Q

Connective Tissue layers

A

Endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium

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31
Q

Endomysium

A

Surrounds fibers

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32
Q

Perimysium

A

Surrounds fascicles

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33
Q

Epimysium

A

Surrounds entire muscle

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34
Q

Mechanism of Muscle Contraction

A

Sarcomere, action potential and neuromuscular junction

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35
Q

Cutaneous

A

Cutaneous trunci or Panniculus muscle

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36
Q

Muscles of the Head

A

Mastication
Tongue
Swallowing

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37
Q

Muscles of Mastication

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Digastricus

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38
Q

Masseter

A

Cheek
To close the mouth

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39
Q

Temporalis

A

Muscle on temple; to close the mouth

40
Q

Digastricus

A

Mandible; to open the mouth

41
Q

Tongue Muscles

A

Intrinsic
Extrinsic

42
Q

Intrinsic muscles

A

Muscles in the tongue
Change the shape of the tongue

43
Q

Extrinsic muscles

A

Muscles not in the tongue
Alter the position of the tongue

44
Q

Glossus

A

Tongue

45
Q

Swallowing muscles

A

Hyoid
Pharyngeal

46
Q

Hyoid

A

Attached to hyoid
Raise and lower larynx when swallowing

47
Q

Pharyngeal

A

Constrict pharynx (throat)

48
Q

Muscles of the Neck

A

Sternocephalicus
Trapezius
Omotransversarius
Brachiocephalicus

49
Q

Sternocephalicus

A

From occipital to proximal humerus

50
Q

Trapezius

A

Cervical and thoracic

51
Q

Omotransversarius

A

Atlas to scapula spine

52
Q

Clavicular Intersection

A

Origin of Brachiocephalicus; joins cleidocephalicus and Cleidobrachialis

53
Q

Brachiocephalicus

A

Cleidocephalicus and Cleidobrachialis

54
Q

Extrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic limb

A

Pectorals
Brachiocephalicus
Omotransversarius
Trapezius
Serrated ventralis
Latissimus Dorsi

55
Q

Pectoral Muscles

A

Superficial and deep

56
Q

Serratus Ventralis

A

Between the limb and the body wall
Suspended between thoracic limbs

57
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

O-thoracic spinous
I- humerus tuberosity

58
Q

Muscles of Respiration

A

Inspiration
Expiration

59
Q

Inspiration

A

Muscles increase size of thoracic cavity

60
Q

Expiration

A

Muscles decrease the size of the thoracic cavity

61
Q

Muscles of inspiration

A

Diaphragm
External intercostals

62
Q

Muscles of expiration

A

Internal intercostals

63
Q

Diaphragm

A

Flattens when it contracts

64
Q

Intercostal muscles

A

Cross each other in between the ribs

65
Q

Neuron

A

Principle cell of the nervous system
Body
Dendrites
Axon

66
Q

Motor neuron

A

Carry nerve impulses to skeletal muscles

67
Q

Motor units

A

One motor neuron and all muscle fibers it innervates
Small and large

68
Q

Neuromuscular Junction

A

Axon terminal of motor neuron
Synapse
Muscle

69
Q

Axon terminal

A

Synaptic vesicles
Neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine (ACh)

70
Q

Initiation of Muscle Contraction

A

Nerve impulse- axon terminal
ACh released
ACh binds to channels on sarcolemma
Action potential/wave of depolarization
ttubules- Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Ca+ released

71
Q

Muscle contraction

A

Cross-bridge formation
Sliding filament theory

72
Q

Cross-bridge cycle

A

Myosin binds to actin
Power stroke pulls actin over myosin
ATP binds to myosin
Myosin unbinds from actin

73
Q

Sliding filament theory

A

Sarcomere shortens (z-z)

74
Q

What happens after the muscle contraction?

A

Nerve impulses
Acetylcholine is released into synapse
Nerve impulses stop
Acetylcholinesterase breaks down ACh in the synapse

75
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Use glucose to make ATP

76
Q

Anaerobic

A

Without O2; 1 glucose molecule
Lactic acid and 2 ATP

77
Q

Aerobic

A

With O2; 1 glucose molecule
CO2, H2O and 38 ATP

78
Q

Glucose

A

From blood supply
Glycogen= stored glucose

79
Q

Oxygen

A

From red blood cells in the blood supply
Stored on myoglobin in muscle

80
Q

Twitch

A

Contraction of a single muscle fiber; whole contraction cycle takes about 0.1 sec

81
Q

All or Nothing Principle

A

When stimulated an individual muscle fiber either contracts completely or not at all

82
Q

Force of contraction

A

Which and how many motor units stimulated

83
Q

Neuromuscular Diseases

A

Some insecticides
Curare (poison)
Botchilysim

84
Q

Expaxial Muscles

A

Located dorsal along the spine
Transversospinalis
Longissimus dorsi
Iliocostalis

85
Q

Intramuscular injections (IM)

A

In the expaxial muscles

86
Q

Abdominal Muscles

A

Rectus abdominis
Transversus abdominis
Internal abdominal oblique
External abdominal oblique

87
Q

External abdominal oblique

A

Most superficial
Fibers run Dorso-cranial to ventro-caudal
Inserts on the linea alba

88
Q

Internal abdominal oblique

A

Deep to external
Fibers run ventro-cranial to Dorsi-caudal
Inserts on the linea alba

89
Q

Transverse abdominis

A

Deepest
Fibers run dorsal to ventral
Inserts on the linea alba

90
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

Runs from sternum to pubis on either side of linea alba

91
Q

Perineal Muscles

A

Internal anal sphincter
External anal sphincter

92
Q

Pelvic diaphragm

A

Levator ani
Coccygeus
Caudal border of pelvic cavity
Muscles lie on either side of rectum

93
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic Limb

A

Deltoideus
Infraspinatus
Supraspinatus
Subscapularis
Muscles of Brachium
Muscles of antibrachium

94
Q

Scapula to humerus

A

Deltoideus
Infraspinatus
Supraspinatus
Subscapularis

95
Q

Flexes shoulder

A

Deltoideus
Infraspinatus

96
Q

Extends shoulder

A

Supraspinatus

97
Q

Adducts limb

A

Subscapularis

Anatomy & Physiology (11 decks)

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