Chemistry Of Life Flashcards
Atoms
The smallest part of the atom
What are the 4 most common atoms in the body?
Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen
Elements
Are made up of one or more atoms of the same kind
Compounds
More than one type of atoms
Ex: (H2O)
Chemical Bonding
A process in which 2 atoms are sharing or transferring electrons between them
Ionic Bonding
Gives or takes electrons (opposites attract)
Ions
An atom with an electrical charge
Cations
Have a + charge
Anions
Have a - charge
Covalent bonding
A bond where atoms share electrons
Synthesis reactions
When 2 or more molecules are going to for a larger more complex molecule; require energy
Decomposition reactions
Breaks bonds; energy is released
Exchange reactions
2 reactants exchanging or replacing another
Potential Energy
Stored energy; stored in bonds
Kinetic energy
Stored energy is released as movement or work; bonds break; heat released
PH stands for
Power of Hydrogen
Acid
Has a pH <7; more H+(ions)
Base/Alkaline
Has a pH >7; has less H+(ions)
Ph scale
Measures the acidity or alkalinity
Normal pH of Blood
7.35-7.45
Water
60% of mammal make up; absorbs heat in chemical reactions
Carbohydrates
(CHO atoms)
“Saccharids” sugars; primary energy for the body;glucose, galactose, fructose
Lipids
(CHO not water soluble)
Fats; store energy; triglycerides; can be used for energy if no carbs
Proteins
(CHO and Nitrogen or Sulfur)
Make amino acid chains; 20 different types
