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Anatomy & Physiology > Cell Physiology > Flashcards

Cell Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Cell division

A

Mitosis

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2
Q

Mitosis

A

Once cell divides to create two identical daughter cells

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3
Q

Interphase

A

DNA replicates

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4
Q

Chromatin/chromosomes

A

DNA & histones(proteins)/chromatids(2 identical) connected by centromere

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5
Q

Stages of mitosis

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

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6
Q

Prophase

A

Chromatin condenses to chromosomes; centrioles separate and form spindle fibers; nuclear envelope disintegrates

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7
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell; spindle fibers attached to centromeres

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8
Q

Anaphase

A

One chromosome goes to either end of the cell

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9
Q

Telophase

A

Chromosomes stop moving; un-condense into chromatin; nuclear envelope re forms around chromatin; cytokinesis

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10
Q

Differentiation

A

The division into specific cells

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11
Q

Passive Transport

A

Passage of molecules due to a concentration gradient; no atp/energy required

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12
Q

Diffusion

A

Molecules move down the gradient from area of high concentration to low concentration

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13
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Molecules move down the gradient BUT with help; integral protein channels

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14
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water

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15
Q

Toxicity and osmosis

A

Isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic

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16
Q

Isotonic

A

No change in volume

17
Q

Hypertonic

A

Less water; cell shrinks

18
Q

Hypotonic

A

More water; cell swells and lyses

19
Q

Active

A

Movement through the cell membrane; requires energy-ATP

20
Q

Active transport

A

Movement up a concentration gradient; large molecules

21
Q

Na+K+ pump

A

Pumps sodium/potassium in and out; requires ATP

22
Q

Resting membrane potential

A

Na+ and K+ distribution electrical voltage across membrane

23
Q

Endocytosis

A

Taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole

24
Q

Phagocytosis

A

The ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes

25
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Process of cells taking in the fluids along with dissolved small molecules

26
Q

Exocytosis

A

Process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane

27
Q

Protein synthesis

A

Transcription and translation

28
Q

Transcription

A

DNA-RNA; section of DNA strand is copied; mRNA is built copying DNA;mRNA leaves the nucleus

29
Q

Translation

A

MRNA travels to a ribosome;3 nucleotides code for amino acid; tRNA brings the amino acid

Anatomy & Physiology (11 decks)

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