Muscles 1 Flashcards
Fascia
Fascia: a sheet of fibrous connective tissue covering, separating, or binding together muscles, organs, and other soft structures of the body.
Fascicle
A Fascicle bundle of nerve or muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue.
Epimysium
Epimysium: a layer of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds an entire muscle.
Perimysium
Perimysium: a layer of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds groups of muscle fibers and separates them into individual bundles.
Endomysium
Endomysium a thin layer of connective tissue that surrounds each individual muscle fiber.
Muscle fiber
Muscle fiber: a long, thin cell containing myofibrils that contracts to produce movement.
Muscle cell
Muscle cell: a type of cell found in muscle tissue, which is specialized for producing movement by contracting its fibers.
Tendon:
Tendon: a band or cord of tough, inelastic fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone or other part.
Abduction
Movement away from the median plane.
Example: Spreading fingers, leg to the side
Adduction
Movement towards median plane
Example: Relaxing fingers, leg drawn in
Eversion
Lateral movement of foot at ankle
Inversion
Medial movement of foot at ankle
Flexion
Decrease in angle of joint
Example: Bending elbow or knee
Extension
Increase in angle of joint
Example: Straightening knee or elbow
Circumduction
Movement of distal end of bone in
circular fashion, proximal end relatively
stable
Example: Pitching a baseball, swimming eg.
crawl or backstroke
Supination
Palm of hand turned upward
Pronation
Palm of hand turned downward
Protraction
Anterior movement of a body part on a
plane parallel to the ground
Example:Extending jaw forward
Retraction
Posterior movement of a body part on a
plane parallel to the ground
Example: Pulling jaw back
Rotation
Bone moves around its own
longitudinal axis
Example: Twisting arm or leg
Plantarflexion
Extension of foot at ankle
Example: Pointing toes down
Dorsiflexion
Flexion of foot at ankle
Example: Pointing toes up
Elevation
Body part moved upward
Example: Jaw moving up while chewing,
shrugging shoulders
Depression
Body part moved downward
Example: Jaw moves down while chewing,
drooping shoulders
Ligament:
Ligament: dense, regularly arranged connective tissue that attaches bone to bone.
Muscle tone:
a sustained, partial contraction of portions of a skeletal muscle in
response to activation from stretch receptors. Muscle remains firm. This is especially important in maintaining posture
Paralysis:
loss or impairment of motor function due to a lesion of neural or
muscular origin. Muscle is unable to contract.
Muscular dystrophy:
an inherited disease characterized by degeneration of
muscle cells that leads to progressive atrophy.
Muscular atrophy
: a wasting away or decrease in size of muscular tissue
Muscle hypertrophy:
an excessive enlargement or overgrowth of muscle tissue
without cell division.
Bursa:
a sac filled with synovial fluid. Commonly found between bones and muscle tendons.