Atoms and Molecules Flashcards
Octet Rule
Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to have eight electrons in their outermost energy level, similar to the electron configuration of noble gases, which makes them more stable.
What is a chemical element?
Type of substance that cannot broken down any further. These elements are composed of only one type of atom. Elements are the building blocks of matter.
Name the 4 most common elements in your body as well the percentages of your body they make up.
HONC
Hydrogen-10%
Oxygen-65%
Carbon-18%
Nitrogen-3%
Differentiate between Molecules and Compounds
A molecule is a group of two or more atoms chemically bonded together, whereas a compound is a type of substance composed of two or more different elements chemically bonded together. In other words, all compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds.
Differentiate between inorganic and organic compounds.
Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms and are typically associated with living organisms. Inorganic compounds, on the other hand, are compounds that do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds and are typically associated with non-living matter.
Ionic Bonds
A bond formed between ions, which are atoms that have gained or lost electrons and carry a charge. It results from the electrostatic attraction between positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions), typically formed between metal and non-metal atoms.
Covalent bonds
A bond in which atoms share electrons, typically formed between non-metal atoms. It can be either polar or non-polar, depending on the electronegativity difference between the atoms involved.
Hydrogen Bonds
A weak bond that occurs when a hydrogen atom, bonded to a highly electronegative atom, interacts with another highly electronegative atom in a nearby molecule.
Can you differentiate between polar and non polar bonds?
a polar bond occurs when there is an electronegativity difference between atoms, resulting in an uneven distribution of charge within the bond. This creates a dipole moment. A non-polar bond occurs when there is no significant electronegativity difference, resulting in an even distribution of charge within the bond. Water is polar.
What is a valence shell?
Outermost electron shell of an atom.
Atom vs ion
Atom: Basic unit of matter composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Ion: Atom or molecule with a net electrical charge due to gaining or losing electrons.
