Cell structure and function Flashcards
What are the four characteristics of life?
Organization, Metabolism, Exchange of Material, and Responsiveness.
What is the structural organization of the body?
The structural organization of the body is composed of the cellular level, cellular structure, cellular organelles, and functions.
What are the cellular processes involved in growth?
The cellular processes involved in growth include cell division, growth, differentiation, and cell specialization.
What is the general cell structure?
The general cell structure is composed of the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.
What are the levels of organization?
What are the levels of organization?
A6: The levels of organization include the cellular level, tissue level, organ level, and organism level.
What organelles are involved in energy processing?
The organelles involved in energy processing are the mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes.
What is metabolism?
Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life.
What is the exchange of material?
The exchange of material is the process by which living organisms acquire and use materials from their environment.
What is responsiveness?
Responsiveness is the ability of living organisms to respond to changes in their environment.
What is cell division?
Cell division is the process by which a single cell divides into two or more daughter cells.
What is differentiation?
Differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized for specific functions.
What is cell specialization?
Cell specialization is the process by which cells become specialized for specific structures and functions.
What is the plasma membrane?
The plasma membrane is a thin, selectively permeable membrane that separates the interior of a cell from its environment.
What is cytoplasm?
Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance that fills the interior of a cell and contains the cell’s organelles.
Nucleus
control center of the cell and houses the genetic material. It contains DNA, which is responsible for the cell’s growth and function.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
network of flattened sacs that are involved in transporting materials within the cell. It is also involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism.
Golgi Apparatus
collection of flattened sacs and vesicles that are involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or for use within the cell.
Mitochondria
organelles responsible for energy production. They are the “powerhouses” of the cell, converting energy from food into a form the cell can use.
Chloroplasts
organelles responsible for photosynthesis, the process of converting light energy into chemical energy.
Lysosomes
membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They are responsible for breaking down macromolecules and cellular waste.
Vacuoles
fluid-filled organelles that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. They also help maintain the cell’s shape and structure.
Ribosomes
small organelles that are responsible for protein synthesis. They are found in both the cytoplasm and on the endoplasmic reticulum.
Centrioles
cylindrical organelles involved in the formation of the cell’s mitotic spindle. They help move the chromosomes during cell division.
