Joints, Movement, and Biomechanics.

Question 1

Synarthrotic

Answer 1

A joint that is not moveable.

Question 2

Amphiarthrotic

Answer 2

Joint that is slightly moveable.

Question 3

Diarthrotic

Answer 3

Joint with the widest range of movement.

Question 4

Fibrous

Answer 4

Fibrous joints are found where two bones are held together by dense connective tissue, such as in the cranium, between the teeth and bones of the jaw, and between the tibia and fibula.
Structural Classification of joints.
Three types of Fibrous joints are Sutures, Syndesmoses, and Gomphosis.

Question 5

Gomphosis

Answer 5

Gomphosis: A gomphosis is a joint where a cone-shaped process fits into a socket. Examples of gomphosis joints include the teeth in their sockets and the joints between the femur and tibia (knee joint).
(Synarthrosis) No movement

Question 6

Sutures

Answer 6

Sutures: A suture is a joint that connects two bones via a fibrous connective tissue. Examples of sutures joints include the skull sutures (coronal, squamosal, sagittal, and lambdoidal) and the synovial joint between the calcaneus and talus in the heel.
A synarthrosis joint (No movement)

Question 7

Syndesmoses

Answer 7

Syndesmoses: A syndesmosis is a joint that connects two bones by way of a fibrous tissue or membrane. Examples of syndesmoses joints include the distal tibiofibular joint and the interosseous membrane of the forearm.
Amphiarthrosis (Little movement)

Question 8

Cartilaginous

Answer 8

Cartilaginous joints are joints in which the two bones are connected by cartilage. Examples include the symphysis pubis and the intervertebral discs of the spine.
A structural classification of joints.

Question 9

Synchondrosis

Answer 9

Synchondrosis: A type of cartilaginous joint where a strip of hyaline cartilage connects two bones and forms a joint. Example: The epiphyseal plate in the long bones of the body.
Classified as synarthrosis (No movement)

Question 10

Syndesmosis

Answer 10

Syndesmosis: A type of cartilaginous joint where two bones are connected by an interosseous ligament. Example: The distal radioulnar joint, which connects the radius and ulna bones in the forearm.
Amphiarthrosis - Slight movement

Question 11

Symphysis

Answer 11

Symphysis: A type of cartilaginous joint where two bones are connected by a thick pad of fibrocartilage. Example: The pubic symphysis, which connects the two halves of the pelvis.
Amphiarthrosis - Slight movement

Question 12

Synovial

Answer 12

Synovial joints are freely movable joints found in the body, such as the shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee.

Question 13

Plane joints.

Answer 13

1. Plane joints: These joints are found in the wrists and ankles. They allow for gliding and sliding movements.

Question 14

Hinge joints

Answer 14

2. Hinge joints: These joints are found in the elbows and knees and allow for flexion and extension movements.

Question 15

Pivot joints

Answer 15

3. Pivot joints: These joints are found in the neck and allow for rotational movements.

Question 16

Condyloid joints

Answer 16

4. Condyloid joints: These joints are found in the wrists and ankles and allow for a range of movements including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction.

Question 17

Saddle Joints

Answer 17

5. Saddle joints: These joints are found in the thumb and allow for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction.

Question 18

Ball and socket joints.

Answer 18

6. Ball and socket joints: These joints are found in the hips and shoulders and allow for a wide range of movement including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction.

Question 19

Synovial Membrane

Answer 19

The synovial membrane is a thin layer of tissue that lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid. Its primary function is to provide lubrication and nutrition to the joint and to reduce friction between the bones of the joint. It also helps to absorb any shocks to the joint and act as a barrier to keep out foreign particles. The membrane also produces cytokines which help to regulate inflammation and immune reactions.

Question 20

Joint capsule

Answer 20

The joint capsule is a fibrous membrane that encloses the joint and its associated structures. It consists of an outer fibrous layer and an inner synovial membrane layer. The outer fibrous layer provides structural stability and protection to the joint, while the inner synovial membrane layer produces synovial fluid that lubricates and nourishes the joint, allowing for smooth movement.

Question 21

Synovial capsule.

Answer 21

The synovial cavity is the
space between the two
articulating bones which
contains synovial fluid

Question 22

Synovial fluid

Answer 22

Synovial fluid lubricates and nourishes the joints, formed by hyaluronic acid and glycoproteins, containing albumin, lipids, electrolytes, and other substances to reduce friction, cushion the joint surfaces, absorb shock, and provide nutrients.

Question 23

Ligaments

Answer 23

Fibrous bands that provide added strength and hold articulating bones together.

Question 24

Menisci

Answer 24

Pads of cartilage that lie between the articular surfaces of bones, act as spacers and prevent bones from smashing together.