muscle use of energy stores Flashcards
anaerobic glycolysis
ATP production without oxygen; produces 2ATP/glucose molecule and lactic acid
aerobic catabolism
a 4 step process of ATP production using oxygen: glycolysis - 2ATP, krebs cycle - 2 ATP, Electron transport chain, and oxidative phosphorylation - 26-28 ATP; net of 30-32 ATP; takes place in the inner membrane of the mitochondria
fatigue
exercise induced reduction in muscle force generation; can be due to lactic acid build up, inadequate muscle glucose, hypothermia, or cell function disruption
speed of contraction
based on a difference in ATPase activity, can be slow twitch or fast twitch
slow oxidative muscles
a typical red fiber more common in marathoners such as migratory birds, use aerobic catabolism
fast glycolytic muscles
a typical white fiber more common in sprinters such as cheetahs, use anaerobic glycolysis
can muscle composition change?
no, only the size of the muscle fibers can change
tracheal system
unique to insects, fuels all muscle aerobically; openings for gas exchange on the organisms surface minimizes the distance oxygen must travel
maximal aerobic exercise
maximum exercise level that can be fueled aerobically
submaximal exercise
surplus aerobic capacity during exercise
supramaximal exercise
surpassing aerobic activity; always anaerobic
post exercise oxygen consumption
makeup period after exercise used to recover O2 deficit and breakdown anaerobic buildup like lactic acid
phosphogens
creatine or arganine phosphate
preference for energy production in human example
phosphogens-> glycolysis-> glycogen and glucose stores-> lipids; lipid use is more common in marathoners such as migratory birds
oxygen regulation
steady state aerobic catabolism despite fluctuations in environmental oxygen
