Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Exercise Physiology > Muscle Strengthening Physiology > Flashcards

Muscle Strengthening Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Resistive Exercise

A

any active exercise where muscular contraction is resisted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hypotnoicity vs Hypertonicity

A
  • decreased tone, flaccidity

- increased tone, rigidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Strength

A

-maximum force that can be exerted by a Mm contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Amount of ATP needed to produce a given tension is less for ____

A

eccentric contractions than concentric contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Max tension you can get from a muscle is _____>_____>_____

A

-eccentric>isometric>concentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Active Insufficiency

A

-decreased ability of a Mm to produce or maintain active tension because agonist is too short

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Goal of Resistive Ex’s

A

increase strength, endurance &/or power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tone

A

-Muscle’s resistance to passive ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Isometric Contraction

A

(muscle fiber contraction)

  • cross bridge cycling without sliding of actin & myosin
  • laboratory with fiber ends fixed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

You can create max tension during _____ contractions

A

-eccentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Static Contraction

A

Mm contraction but no movement

  • expressed as MVC or % MVC
  • intact muscle/real life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dynamic Contraction

A
  • muscle contraction that produces tension to move joint
  • Concentric/Eccentric

-intact muscle/real life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Isokinematic Contraction

A
  • movement of a joint with a constant angular velocity

- intact/real life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Active tension

A
  • reflects the isometric force for a given muscle length

- from contractile elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The smaller the motor unit:

A

the lower the recruitment threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Passive Tension

A

-tension due to stretching of passive elastic elements
-non contractile connective tissue
(epimysium, perimysium, endomysium, sarcolemma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Length-Tension Curve based on:

A
  • testing of isometric strength in a lab setting

- muscle detached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

3 Types of Muscle Contraction

laboratory setting

A
  • isometric
  • isotonic
  • isokinetic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

MVC

A
  • Maximal Voluntary contraction

- measure static contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Isotonic Contraction

A

(muscle fiber contraction)
-tension generated by fiber is constant throughout the ROM

-lab/muscle removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Isokinetic Contraction

A
  • muscle fiber contraction
  • type of dynamic contraction where velocity is kept constant

-lab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Types of Muscle Contraction

real-life

A
  • Static
  • Isokinematic
  • Dynamic (concentric/eccentric)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Intact Mm Strength depends on:

A
  1. number of cross bridges
  2. length of moment arm
  3. passive restraints of antagonist
  4. normal length
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

2 Types of Dynamic Contraction

A
  • concentric

- eccentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Hypertrophy

A

increased individual fiber size due to increased # of actin/myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Eccentric Contraction

A

-Contraction where ends of muscle move apart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Concentric

A

-Contraction of muscle where ends move towards each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

1 RM

A
  • 1 repetition max

- max amount of weight that can be lifted through the entire ROM using proper technique one time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Larger Motor Unit=

A
  • greater tension

- higher recruitment threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

General factors affecting Mm contraction strength

A
  • diameter of Mm
  • # of fibers per motor unit
  • # motor units firing
  • length of muscle when stimulated
  • type of contraction elicited
31
Q

Hyperplasia

A

incr # of fibers

32
Q

Endurance

A

-ability to perform low intensity reps over prolonged time

33
Q

Stength-Shortening Cycle of Plyometrics

A

-rapid, powerful concentric contraction right after a preloaded eccentric contraction

34
Q

Passive Insufficiency

A

limitation of movement caused by passive tension because antagonist is too short

35
Q

Motor units are recruited _____

A

from smallest to largest

36
Q

Force-Velocity Curve for Concentric Contraction

A
  • increased velocity=decreased tension generated

- lighter load=faster it can be moved

37
Q

Power is increased by

A
  • doing same amount of work in shorter time

- doing more work in same time

38
Q

Motor Unit

A

an alpha motor neuron and all the fibers it innervates

-larger motor unit=increased strength

39
Q

Force-Time Relationship

A
  • relates the load the muscle is going to lift & the time span between Mm excitation & the onset of Mm shortening
  • takes longer to generate enough force to lift heavy objects
40
Q

Total Tension=

A

Active tension + passive tension

41
Q

Length-Tension Curve

A

-each Mm in body has an optimal length to create a maximal tension

42
Q

Motor units recruited from _____

A

smallest to largest

43
Q

Jean’s Mantra

A
  • you can hold more than you can lift

- you can lower more than you can hold

44
Q

3 Fiber Types

A

I, IIa, IIx

45
Q

Type I Fiber

A
  • tonic
  • Red
  • Slow twitch/Slow oxidative
  • aerobic
46
Q

Type IIx Fiber

A
  • Phasic
  • white
  • fast twitch/fast glycolytic
  • anaerobic
47
Q

Relaxation Time
I:
IIx:

A

I: slow
IIx: fast

48
Q

Threshold to Stimulate
I:
IIx:

A

I: Low
IIx: high

49
Q

Fatigue
I:
IIx:

A

I: Slow
IIx: Fast

50
Q

Shortening Velocity
I:
IIx:

A

I: Slow
IIx: Fast

51
Q

Anaerobic Activity
I:
IIx:

A

I: Low
IIx: High

52
Q

Lactate Production
I:
IIx:

A

I: Low
IIx: High

53
Q

Capillary Density
I:
IIx:

A

I: High
IIx: Low

54
Q

Mitochondria
I:
IIx:

A

I: High
IIx: Low

55
Q

Oxidative Enzymes
I:
IIx:

A

I: high
IIx: low

56
Q

Myoglobin
I:
IIx:

A

I: high
IIx: low

57
Q

Neuron Size
I:
IIx:

A

I: small
IIx: large

58
Q

Aerobic Capacity
I:
IIx:

A

I: High
IIx: Low

59
Q

Triglyceride Storage
I:
IIx:

A

I: high
IIx: low

60
Q

Phosphocreatine Stores
I:
IIx:

A

I: low
IIx: high

61
Q

Specific factors affecting muscle contraction strength

A
  • how often fiber stimulated

- length of sarcomere when stimulated

62
Q

Force-Velocity Curve of Eccentric Contraction

A
  • incr velocity=increased tension generated (to a point)

- heavier load=faster it can be moved (to a point)

63
Q

Effect of 2-joint Mm on length and tension

A

-active and passive insufficiency

64
Q

Power

A

rate of doing work

power=F (d/t)=w/t

65
Q

As load ____ (____) power increases; after a point ______

A
  • increases
  • (up to 30-50% max load)
  • load becomes to heavy to move quickly
66
Q

Initial increase in strength due to

A
  • neural changes

- becaues learning & increased corrdination and # and rate of motor unit firing

67
Q

Tearing occurs at ____% of resting length

A

200%

68
Q

Glycolytic Enzymes
I:
IIx:

A

I: low
IIx: high

69
Q

Tension
I:
IIx:

A

I: small
IIx: large

70
Q

glycogen stores
I:
IIx:

A

I: low
IIx: high

71
Q

Fiber Diameter
I:
IIx:

A

I: small
IIx: large

72
Q

ATPase Levels
I:
IIx:

A

I: low
IIx: high

73
Q

3 Factors affectign speed of Mm contraction

A
  • force velocity curve
  • force-time relationship
  • type of muscle fiber
74
Q

7 Muscle Changes

A
  1. hypertrophy
  2. hyperplasia
  3. conversion of fiber types (Controversial)
  4. vascular changes
  5. metabolic changes
  6. connective tissue changes
  7. bone changes

Exercise Physiology (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions