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Exercise Physiology > Muscle Strengthening Physiology > Flashcards

Muscle Strengthening Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Resistive Exercise

A

any active exercise where muscular contraction is resisted

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2
Q

Hypotnoicity vs Hypertonicity

A
  • decreased tone, flaccidity

- increased tone, rigidity

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3
Q

Strength

A

-maximum force that can be exerted by a Mm contraction

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4
Q

Amount of ATP needed to produce a given tension is less for ____

A

eccentric contractions than concentric contractions

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5
Q

Max tension you can get from a muscle is _____>_____>_____

A

-eccentric>isometric>concentric

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6
Q

Active Insufficiency

A

-decreased ability of a Mm to produce or maintain active tension because agonist is too short

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7
Q

Goal of Resistive Ex’s

A

increase strength, endurance &/or power

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8
Q

Tone

A

-Muscle’s resistance to passive ROM

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9
Q

Isometric Contraction

A

(muscle fiber contraction)

  • cross bridge cycling without sliding of actin & myosin
  • laboratory with fiber ends fixed
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10
Q

You can create max tension during _____ contractions

A

-eccentric

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11
Q

Static Contraction

A

Mm contraction but no movement

  • expressed as MVC or % MVC
  • intact muscle/real life
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12
Q

Dynamic Contraction

A
  • muscle contraction that produces tension to move joint
  • Concentric/Eccentric

-intact muscle/real life

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13
Q

Isokinematic Contraction

A
  • movement of a joint with a constant angular velocity

- intact/real life

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14
Q

Active tension

A
  • reflects the isometric force for a given muscle length

- from contractile elements

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15
Q

The smaller the motor unit:

A

the lower the recruitment threshold

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16
Q

Passive Tension

A

-tension due to stretching of passive elastic elements
-non contractile connective tissue
(epimysium, perimysium, endomysium, sarcolemma)

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17
Q

Length-Tension Curve based on:

A
  • testing of isometric strength in a lab setting

- muscle detached

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18
Q

3 Types of Muscle Contraction

laboratory setting

A
  • isometric
  • isotonic
  • isokinetic
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19
Q

MVC

A
  • Maximal Voluntary contraction

- measure static contractions

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20
Q

Isotonic Contraction

A

(muscle fiber contraction)
-tension generated by fiber is constant throughout the ROM

-lab/muscle removed

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21
Q

Isokinetic Contraction

A
  • muscle fiber contraction
  • type of dynamic contraction where velocity is kept constant

-lab

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22
Q

Types of Muscle Contraction

real-life

A
  • Static
  • Isokinematic
  • Dynamic (concentric/eccentric)
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23
Q

Intact Mm Strength depends on:

A
  1. number of cross bridges
  2. length of moment arm
  3. passive restraints of antagonist
  4. normal length
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24
Q

2 Types of Dynamic Contraction

A
  • concentric

- eccentric

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25
Q

Hypertrophy

A

increased individual fiber size due to increased # of actin/myosin

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26
Q

Eccentric Contraction

A

-Contraction where ends of muscle move apart

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27
Q

Concentric

A

-Contraction of muscle where ends move towards each other

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28
Q

1 RM

A
  • 1 repetition max

- max amount of weight that can be lifted through the entire ROM using proper technique one time

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29
Q

Larger Motor Unit=

A
  • greater tension

- higher recruitment threshold

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30
Q

General factors affecting Mm contraction strength

A
  • diameter of Mm
  • # of fibers per motor unit
  • # motor units firing
  • length of muscle when stimulated
  • type of contraction elicited
31
Q

Hyperplasia

A

incr # of fibers

32
Q

Endurance

A

-ability to perform low intensity reps over prolonged time

33
Q

Stength-Shortening Cycle of Plyometrics

A

-rapid, powerful concentric contraction right after a preloaded eccentric contraction

34
Q

Passive Insufficiency

A

limitation of movement caused by passive tension because antagonist is too short

35
Q

Motor units are recruited _____

A

from smallest to largest

36
Q

Force-Velocity Curve for Concentric Contraction

A
  • increased velocity=decreased tension generated

- lighter load=faster it can be moved

37
Q

Power is increased by

A
  • doing same amount of work in shorter time

- doing more work in same time

38
Q

Motor Unit

A

an alpha motor neuron and all the fibers it innervates

-larger motor unit=increased strength

39
Q

Force-Time Relationship

A
  • relates the load the muscle is going to lift & the time span between Mm excitation & the onset of Mm shortening
  • takes longer to generate enough force to lift heavy objects
40
Q

Total Tension=

A

Active tension + passive tension

41
Q

Length-Tension Curve

A

-each Mm in body has an optimal length to create a maximal tension

42
Q

Motor units recruited from _____

A

smallest to largest

43
Q

Jean’s Mantra

A
  • you can hold more than you can lift

- you can lower more than you can hold

44
Q

3 Fiber Types

A

I, IIa, IIx

45
Q

Type I Fiber

A
  • tonic
  • Red
  • Slow twitch/Slow oxidative
  • aerobic
46
Q

Type IIx Fiber

A
  • Phasic
  • white
  • fast twitch/fast glycolytic
  • anaerobic
47
Q

Relaxation Time
I:
IIx:

A

I: slow
IIx: fast

48
Q

Threshold to Stimulate
I:
IIx:

A

I: Low
IIx: high

49
Q

Fatigue
I:
IIx:

A

I: Slow
IIx: Fast

50
Q

Shortening Velocity
I:
IIx:

A

I: Slow
IIx: Fast

51
Q

Anaerobic Activity
I:
IIx:

A

I: Low
IIx: High

52
Q

Lactate Production
I:
IIx:

A

I: Low
IIx: High

53
Q

Capillary Density
I:
IIx:

A

I: High
IIx: Low

54
Q

Mitochondria
I:
IIx:

A

I: High
IIx: Low

55
Q

Oxidative Enzymes
I:
IIx:

A

I: high
IIx: low

56
Q

Myoglobin
I:
IIx:

A

I: high
IIx: low

57
Q

Neuron Size
I:
IIx:

A

I: small
IIx: large

58
Q

Aerobic Capacity
I:
IIx:

A

I: High
IIx: Low

59
Q

Triglyceride Storage
I:
IIx:

A

I: high
IIx: low

60
Q

Phosphocreatine Stores
I:
IIx:

A

I: low
IIx: high

61
Q

Specific factors affecting muscle contraction strength

A
  • how often fiber stimulated

- length of sarcomere when stimulated

62
Q

Force-Velocity Curve of Eccentric Contraction

A
  • incr velocity=increased tension generated (to a point)

- heavier load=faster it can be moved (to a point)

63
Q

Effect of 2-joint Mm on length and tension

A

-active and passive insufficiency

64
Q

Power

A

rate of doing work

power=F (d/t)=w/t

65
Q

As load ____ (____) power increases; after a point ______

A
  • increases
  • (up to 30-50% max load)
  • load becomes to heavy to move quickly
66
Q

Initial increase in strength due to

A
  • neural changes

- becaues learning & increased corrdination and # and rate of motor unit firing

67
Q

Tearing occurs at ____% of resting length

68
Q

Glycolytic Enzymes
I:
IIx:

A

I: low
IIx: high

69
Q

Tension
I:
IIx:

A

I: small
IIx: large

70
Q

glycogen stores
I:
IIx:

A

I: low
IIx: high

71
Q

Fiber Diameter
I:
IIx:

A

I: small
IIx: large

72
Q

ATPase Levels
I:
IIx:

A

I: low
IIx: high

73
Q

3 Factors affectign speed of Mm contraction

A
  • force velocity curve
  • force-time relationship
  • type of muscle fiber
74
Q

7 Muscle Changes

A
  1. hypertrophy
  2. hyperplasia
  3. conversion of fiber types (Controversial)
  4. vascular changes
  5. metabolic changes
  6. connective tissue changes
  7. bone changes

Exercise Physiology (25 decks)

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