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Pharmacology > Muscle Relaxants > Flashcards

Muscle Relaxants Flashcards

1
Q

MOA of spasmolytics

A

depresses polysynaptic reflexes in spinal chord

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2
Q

MOA of cyclobenzaprine

A

related to TCA, serotonergic, noradrenergic, anticholenergic, antimuscarinic
reduces tonic somatic motor activity influencing both alpha and gamma motor neurons

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3
Q

MOA of orphenadrine

A

anticholinergic,

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4
Q

Therapeutic use of cyclobenzaprine

A

short term treatment of skeletal muscle spasms, not effective to treat spasticity

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5
Q

Therapeutic use of methocarbamol

A

short term treatment of skeletal muscle spasms, not effective to treat spasticity

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6
Q

MOA of methocarbamol

A

related to TCAs, general CNS depression

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7
Q

Side effects of cyclobenzaprine (4)

A

drowsiness
loss of coordination
anticholinergic side effects
dizziness

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8
Q

Side effects of methocarbamol (5)

A 
drowsiness
loss of coordination
light-headedness 
dizziness
discoloration of urine
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9
Q

Side effects of parenteral administration of methocarbamol (4)

A

synscope, hypotension, bradycardia
ataxia and vertigo
seizures
hemolysis

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10
Q

Toxic effects of cyclobenzaprine (5)

A 
areflexia
flaccid paralysis
respiratory depression
tachycardia
hypotension
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11
Q

Toxic effects of methocarbamol (2)

A

CNS depression

respiratory depression

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12
Q

Principal therapeutic use of oral baclophen

A

decrease spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis and SCI

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13
Q

Side uses of baclophen

A

hiccups

neuropathic pain- including trigeminal neuralgia

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14
Q

Advantages of intrathecal baclofen

A

low dose, fewer side effects

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15
Q

MOA of baclophen

A

Binding to pre and post synaptic GABA-B receptors
Pre-synaptic, reduces Ca+ influx and transmitter release
Post-synaptic- activation of K+ chanels and arachidonic acid signalling
Reduces substance P release from nociceptive afferent nerve terminals

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16
Q

Therapeutic use of tizanidine

A

decrease spasticity in MS and SCI

17
Q

MOA of tizanidine

A

Central acting, alpha 2 adrenergic agonist

inhibits release of EAA in spinal interneurons

18
Q

Therapeutic use of botulinum toxin

A

decrease spasticity in cerebral palsy, stroke, traumatic brain injury, advance MS
dystonia
excessive sweating

19
Q

MOA of botulinum toxin

A

localized chemodenervation in 24-72 hrs lasting for 12-16 weeks

20
Q

Contraindications of botulinum toxin

A

excess weakness, may not be exact

21
Q

Therapeutic use of diazepam

A

adjunct to baclophen in treating spasticity in patients with spinal cord lesions and cerebral palsy
treatment of muscle spasm

22
Q

MOA of diazepam

A

activates GABA-A receptors, increasing Cl- , causing pre-synaptic inhibition

23
Q

Pharmacokinetics of diazepam

A

two active metabolites half life 20-80 hrs

24
Q

Therapeutic use of Dantrolene sodium

A

decrease spaciticity in UMN lesions
decrease spacticity in stroke and SCI
Malignant hyperthermia
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

25
Q

MOA of dantrolene sodium

A

blocks fast muscle fibers and muscle contraction

reduces release of calcium from the SR

26
Q

Pharmacokinetics of dantrolene sodium

A

Peak concentration 3-6 hrs after oral administration
Metabolized by liver
half life 15 hrs

27
Q

Contraindications of dantrolene sodium

A

muscle weakness, consideration for ALS

28
Q

MOA of gabapentin

A

acts on N-type Ca+ channels to reduce neuropathic pain

29
Q

Special attention, baclofen

A

abrupt sensation associated with seizures

30
Q

Special attention, diazepam

A

withdrawl syndrome, dependence potential

31
Q

special attention tizanidine

A

not to be used with antihypertensives, or clonidine. dose related elevation in liver transaminases

32
Q

special attention dantroline

A

hepatotoxicity

Pharmacology (35 decks)

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